Coverage by content domain
Lessons and questions are organized around the exam’s content areas so your preparation reflects the structure of the assessment.
Why Test Alignment Matters for Your TExES 4-8 Science Study Guide
Certification test standards are broad, but the exam questions are very specific. Our team of curriculum experts uses the 240 Study Guide Creation Process to ensure the most aligned, specific content for your TExES 4-8 Science (116) test — so you are not wasting time on broad subject review that may not show up on exam day.
Why 240 is the best choice for the TExES 116 study guide
- Built around the official exam framework
- Organized by the competencies actually used on the exam
- Shows exactly what is covered and where depth is partial
- Includes aligned questions, flashcards, study materials, and videos
- Helps candidates study what is actually tested instead of broad generic content
Transparent coverage is a strength. We show where the guide is strong, where depth is partial, and where a gap has been identified so you can make an informed study decision.
How to Read This Alignment Review
5Domains
134Competencies reviewed
88%Test-aligned
113Covered
10Partially covered
11Gaps
- CoveredCompetency is comprehensively supported by the guide.
- Partially coveredCore content is covered, but some depth gaps remain.
- Coverage gap identifiedA content gap has been identified.
This study guide is based on the current official exam framework. We review and update alignment whenever the official framework changes so candidates are always studying current, accurate material.
Scientific Inquiry and Processes (Domain I)Partially covered
SMR I.001 · The teacher understands how to manage learning activities to ensure the safety of all students.63 questions · 7 materials · 20 cards · 1 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands safety regulations and guidelines for science facilities and science instruction. | S.Safety Rules; S.Safety Organizations; S.Safety Rules - Chemistry | Covered | 39 | 2 | 14 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (39 questions, 2 materials, 14 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Knows procedures for and sources of information regarding the appropriate handling, use, conservation, disposal, recycling, care and maintenance of chemicals, materials, specimens and equipment. | S.Emergency Procedures; S.Proper Handling - Chemicals; S.Maintaining Equipment | Covered | 12 | 3 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (12 questions, 3 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Knows procedures for the safe handling and ethical care and treatment of organisms and specimens. | S.Safety Rules - Biology; S.Proper Handling - Organisms Legal Codes | Covered | 12 | 2 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (12 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
SMR I.002 · The teacher understands the correct use of tools, materials, equipment and technologies.184 questions · 16 materials · 77 cards · 4 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Selects and safely uses appropriate tools, technologies, materials and equipment needed for instructional activities. | S.Choose Appropriate Equipment; S.Various Tools; S.Prelab Teaching Activities | Covered | 20 | 3 | 22 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (20 questions, 3 materials, 22 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Understands concepts of precision, accuracy and error with regard to reading and recording numerical data from a scientific instrument. | S.Precision vs Accuracy; S.Error In Measurements; S.Significant Figures; S.Proper Tool Use; M.Scientific Notation Operations | Covered | 47 | 5 | 8 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (47 questions, 5 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Understands how to gather, organize, display and communicate data in a variety of ways (e.g., construct charts, tables, graphs, maps, satellite images, diagrams, written reports, oral presentations). | S.Sections of a Lab Report; M.Graphs and Plots; S.Best Chart for the Data; S.Data Analysis and Interpretation | Covered | 64 | 4 | 31 | 1 | Covered by 4 topics (64 questions, 4 materials, 31 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Understands the international system of measurement (i.e., metric system) and performs unit conversions within measurement systems. | M.Measurement Principles; S.Metric System; M.Converting Units - Proportional Reasoning; S.Converting Units - Dimensional Analysis | Covered | 53 | 4 | 16 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (53 questions, 4 materials, 16 cards, 2 videos). |
SMR I.003 · The teacher understands the process of scientific inquiry and the history and nature of science.143 questions · 13 materials · 137 cards · 3 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the characteristics of various types of scientific investigations (e.g., descriptive studies, controlled experiments, comparative data analysis). | S.Experimental Investigations | Covered | 25 | 1 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (25 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Understands how to design, conduct and communicate the results of a variety of scientific investigations. | S.Experimental Investigations; S.Non-Experimental Investigations; S.Variety of Methods Across Science | Covered | 35 | 3 | 11 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (35 questions, 3 materials, 11 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Understands the historical development of science and the contributions that diverse cultures and individuals of both genders have made to scientific knowledge. | S.Key History of Science; S.Key History of Space Science; S.Diversity in Science History | Covered | 32 | 3 | 109 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (32 questions, 3 materials, 109 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Understands the roles that logical reasoning, verifiable empirical evidence, prediction and peer review play in the process of generating and evaluating scientific knowledge. | S.Scientific Method; S.Repeatability; S.Prediction, Explanation, Theory, Fact; S.Observation vs Inference | Covered | 46 | 4 | 14 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (46 questions, 4 materials, 14 cards, 2 videos). |
| E. Understands principles of scientific ethics. | S.Ethics | Covered | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos). |
| F. Develops, analyzes and evaluates different explanations for a given scientific result. | S.Proper Data Analysis; M.Observations, Conclusions, and Relationships | Covered | 20 | 2 | 10 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (20 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos). |
| G. Demonstrates an understanding of potential sources of error in inquiry-based investigation and the use of multiple trials to increase reliability. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
| H. Demonstrates an understanding of how to communicate and defend the results of an inquiry-based investigation. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
SMR I.004 · The teacher understands how science impacts the daily lives of students and interacts with and influences personal and societal decisions.131 questions · 12 materials · 70 cards · 1 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands that decisions about the use of science are based on factors such as ethical standards, economics and personal and societal needs. | S.Ethics and Regulation; S.Decision Making | Covered | 11 | 2 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (11 questions, 2 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Applies scientific principles and the theory of probability to analyze the advantages of, disadvantages of or alternatives to a given decision or course of action. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
| C. Applies scientific principles and processes to analyze factors that influence personal choices concerning fitness and health, including physiological and psychological effects and risks associated with the use of substances and substance abuse. | S.Healthy and Unhealthy Lifestyles; PE.Drug Classifications; PE.Drug Abuses; S.Effects of Disease | Covered | 53 | 4 | 42 | 0 | Covered by 4 topics (53 questions, 4 materials, 42 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Understands concepts, characteristics and issues related to changes in populations and human population growth. | S.Human Populations Impact the Earth | Covered | 20 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (20 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Understands the types and uses of natural resources (renewable, nonrenewable) and the effects of human consumption on the renewal and depletion of resources. | S.Resource Extraction; S.Renewable vs Nonrenewable; S.Types of Power Sources; S.Green Energy Technology | Covered | 34 | 4 | 15 | 1 | Covered by 4 topics (34 questions, 4 materials, 15 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Understands the role science can play in helping resolve personal, societal and global challenges (e.g., recycling, evaluating product claims, alternative energy sources). | S.Environmental Stewardship | Covered | 13 | 1 | 8 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (13 questions, 1 materials, 8 cards, 0 videos). |
SMR I.005 · The teacher knows and understands the unifying concepts and processes that are common to all sciences.103 questions · 9 materials · 34 cards · 1 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands how the following concepts and processes provide a unifying explanatory framework across the science disciplines: systems, order and organization; evidence, models and explanation; change, constancy and measurements; evolution and equilibrium; and form and function. | S.Systems Model; S.Change In Systems; S.Form and Function; S.Change, Constancy, and Measurements; S.Evidence, Models, and Explanation | Covered | 62 | 5 | 16 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (62 questions, 5 materials, 16 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Demonstrates an understanding of how patterns in observations and data can be used to make explanations and predictions. | S.Trend Analysis in Data | Covered | 6 | 1 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Analyzes interactions and interrelationships between systems and subsystems. | S.Properties of Systems | Covered | 12 | 1 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Applies unifying concepts to explore similarities in a variety of natural phenomena. | S.Nature of Science | Covered | 10 | 1 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Understands how properties and patterns of systems can be described in terms of space, time, energy and matter. | S.Systems Model | Covered | 12 | 1 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Understands how change and constancy occur in systems. | S.Change In Systems | Covered | 15 | 1 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (15 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
| G. Understands the complementary nature of form and function in a given system. | S.Form and Function | Covered | 12 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| H. Understands how models are used to represent the natural world and how to evaluate the strengths and limitations of a variety of scientific models (e.g., physical, conceptual, mathematical). | S.Models | Covered | 13 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (13 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
Physical Science (Domain II)Partially covered
SMR II.006 · The teacher understands forces and motion and their relationships.155 questions · 16 materials · 68 cards · 3 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Demonstrates an understanding of properties of universal forces (e.g., gravitational, electrical, magnetic). | S.Electricity and Magnetism; S.Magnetic Forces and Fields; S.Gravity; S.Electromagnetic Forces | Covered | 48 | 4 | 15 | 0 | Covered by 4 topics (48 questions, 4 materials, 15 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Understands how to measure, graph and describe changes in motion using concepts of displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration. | S.Motion Terms; S.Motion Graphs | Covered | 38 | 2 | 11 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (38 questions, 2 materials, 11 cards, 2 videos). |
| C. Understands the vector nature of force. | M.Vectors and Scalars; S.Force Vectors and Diagrams | Covered | 15 | 2 | 8 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (15 questions, 2 materials, 8 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Identifies the forces acting on an object and applies Newton’s laws to describe the motion of an object. | S.Force and Newton's Laws; S.Newton's First Law; S.Newton's Second Law; S.Newton's Third Law; S.Center of Mass | Covered | 44 | 5 | 14 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (44 questions, 5 materials, 14 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Analyzes the relationship between force and motion in a variety of situations (e.g., simple machines, blood flow, geologic processes). | S.Geological Processes and Force; S.Biological Processes and Force; S.Simple Machines - Advanced | Covered | 10 | 3 | 24 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (10 questions, 3 materials, 24 cards, 0 videos). |
SMR II.007 · The teacher understands physical properties of and changes in matter.169 questions · 17 materials · 98 cards · 7 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes the physical properties of substances (e.g., density, boiling point, melting point, solubility, thermal and electrical conductivity, luster, malleability). | S.Calculating Density; S.Solubility; S.States of Matter; S.Phase Changes; S.Phase Diagrams; S.Physical Properties; S.Electrical Conductor vs Insulator; S.Thermal Conductor vs Insulator; S.Physical Properties of Fluids | Covered | 81 | 9 | 48 | 4 | Covered by 9 topics (81 questions, 9 materials, 48 cards, 4 videos). |
| B. Describes the physical properties and molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases. | S.Gas Laws | Covered | 14 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (14 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Describes the relationship between the molecular structure of materials (e.g., metals, crystals, polymers) and their physical properties. | S.Molecular Structure of Materials Affecting Physical Properties | Covered | 6 | 1 | 19 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 19 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Relates the physical properties of an element to its placement in the periodic table, including metals, non-metals and metalloids. | S.Periodic Table; S.Mass Number Calculation; S.Periodic Table and Physical Properties; S.Periodic Table Arrangement | Covered | 42 | 4 | 23 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (42 questions, 4 materials, 23 cards, 2 videos). |
| E. Distinguishes between physical and chemical changes in matter. | S.Chemical vs Physical Changes | Covered | 18 | 1 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (18 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Applies knowledge of physical properties of and changes in matter to processes and situations that occur in life and earth/space science. | S.Applications of Physical and Chemical Properties | Covered | 8 | 1 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
SMR II.008 · The teacher understands chemical properties of and changes in matter.194 questions · 17 materials · 89 cards · 3 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes the structure and components of the atom. | S.Parts of an Atom | Covered | 11 | 1 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Distinguishes among elements, compounds, mixtures and solutions and describes their properties. | S.Atoms and Molecules; S.Elements and Compounds; S.Mixtures and Solutions | Covered | 31 | 3 | 13 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (31 questions, 3 materials, 13 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Relates the chemical properties of an element to its placement in the periodic table. | S.Periodic Table and Chemical Properties | Covered | 21 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (21 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Describes chemical bonds and chemical formulas. | S.Types of Bonds; S.Chemical Formulas; S.Nomenclature | Covered | 39 | 3 | 11 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (39 questions, 3 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Analyzes chemical reactions and their associated chemical equations. | S.Types of Reactions; S.Chemical Equations; S.pH; S.Acid/Base Classifications; S.Stoichiometry - Limiting Reagents and Reaction Yield; S.Stoichiometry; S.Balancing Chemical Reactions | Covered | 77 | 7 | 29 | 1 | Covered by 7 topics (77 questions, 7 materials, 29 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Explains the importance of a variety of chemical reactions that occur in daily life (e.g., rusting, burning of fossil fuels, photosynthesis, cell respiration, chemical batteries, digestion of food). | S.Chemical Reactions in Real Life | Covered | 6 | 1 | 22 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 22 cards, 0 videos). |
| G. Understands applications of chemical properties of matter in physical, life and earth/space science and technology (e.g., materials science, biochemistry, transportation, medicine, telecommunications). | S.Chemical Properties | Covered | 9 | 1 | 15 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (9 questions, 1 materials, 15 cards, 0 videos). |
SMR II.009 · The teacher understands energy and interactions between matter and energy.202 questions · 19 materials · 101 cards · 1 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes concepts of work, power and potential and kinetic energy. | S.Types of Energy; S.Work, Energy, Power | Covered | 33 | 2 | 12 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (33 questions, 2 materials, 12 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Understands the concept of heat energy and the difference between heat and temperature. | S.Heat vs Temperature | Covered | 11 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Understands the principles of electricity and magnetism and their applications (e.g., electric circuits, motors, audio speakers, nerve impulses, lightning). | S.Circuits; S.Types of Voltage Sources; S.Ohms law; S.Electrostatic Forces; S.Static Electricity; S.Applications of Electricity and Magnetism; S.Electromagnets | Covered | 56 | 7 | 50 | 0 | Covered by 7 topics (56 questions, 7 materials, 50 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Applies knowledge of properties of light (e.g., reflection, refraction, dispersion) to describe the function of optical systems and phenomena (e.g., camera, microscope, rainbow, eye). | S.Light; S.Reflection and Refraction; S.Applications of Waves - Optical Technologies; S.Applications of Waves - Medical Technologies; S.Applications of Waves - Spectroscopy | Covered | 32 | 5 | 18 | 0 | Covered by 5 topics (32 questions, 5 materials, 18 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Demonstrates an understanding of the properties, production and transmission of sound. | S.Sound | Covered | 32 | 1 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (32 questions, 1 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
| F. Applies knowledge of properties and characteristics of waves (e.g., wavelength, frequency, interference) to describe a variety of waves (e.g., water, electromagnetic, sound). | S.Properties of Waves; S.Doppler Effect; S.Electromagnetic Spectrum | Covered | 38 | 3 | 15 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (38 questions, 3 materials, 15 cards, 0 videos). |
SMR II.010 · The teacher understands energy transformations and the conservation of matter and energy.85 questions · 12 materials · 43 cards · 1 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes the processes that generate energy in the sun and other stars. | S.Types of Energy Transfers in Space; S.Fusion | Covered | 8 | 2 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (8 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Applies the law of conservation of matter to analyze a variety of situations (e.g., the water cycle, food chains, decomposition, balancing chemical equations). | S.Conservation of Matter and Energy; S.Applications of Conservation of Matter - Conceptual; S.Conservation of Energy Calculations | Covered | 22 | 3 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (22 questions, 3 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Describes sources of electrical energy and processes of energy transformation for human uses (e.g., fossil fuels, solar panels, hydroelectric plants). | S.Types of Energy Transfers By Humans | Covered | 7 | 1 | 14 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 14 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Understands exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions and their applications (e.g., hot and cold packs, energy content of food). | S.Endothermic vs Exothermic; S.Laws of Thermodynamics | Covered | 20 | 2 | 12 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (20 questions, 2 materials, 12 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Applies knowledge of the transfer of energy in a variety of situations (e.g., the production of heat, light, sound and magnetic effects by electrical energy; the process of photosynthesis; weather processes; food webs; food/energy pyramids). | S.Types of Energy Transfers in Ecology | Partially covered | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| F. Applies the law of conservation of energy to analyze a variety of physical phenomena (e.g., specific heat, nuclear reactions, efficiency of simple machines, collisions). | S.Calculations with Specific Heat; S.Applications of Conservation of Energy; S.Applications of Energy Flow and Matter Cycle | Covered | 22 | 3 | 14 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (22 questions, 3 materials, 14 cards, 0 videos). |
| G. Understands applications of energy transformations and the conservation of matter and energy in life and earth/space science. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
Life Science (Domain III)Partially covered
SMR III.011 · The teacher understands the structure and function of living things.260 questions · 24 materials · 157 cards · 8 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes characteristics of organisms from the major taxonomic groups, including domains and kingdoms and uses these characteristics to construct a dichotomous key. | S.Dichotomous Keys; S.Major Groups of Eukaryotic Life; S.Classifying Animals; S.Classifying Plants; S.Plant Systems Basics | Covered | 71 | 5 | 45 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (71 questions, 5 materials, 45 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Analyzes how structure complements function in cells. | S.Cellular Features - Form and Function; S.Parts of the Cell; S.Types of Cells | Covered | 45 | 3 | 31 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (45 questions, 3 materials, 31 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Analyzes how structure complements function in tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms including both plants and animals. | S.Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems | Covered | 11 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Identifies human body systems and describes their functions (e.g., digestive, circulatory). | S.Human Body Systems; S.Internal Transport; S.Exchange; S.Digestion and Excretory; S.Nutrition; S.Movement and Support; S.Reproduction and Development; S.Immune Systems; S.Control Systems | Covered | 75 | 9 | 53 | 1 | Covered by 9 topics (75 questions, 9 materials, 53 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Describes how organisms, including producers, consumers and decomposers obtain and use energy and matter. | S.Requirements of Life; S.Photosynthesis; S.Roles In Food Chain | Covered | 35 | 3 | 19 | 3 | Covered by 3 topics (35 questions, 3 materials, 19 cards, 3 videos). |
| F. Applies chemical principles to describe the structure and function of the basic chemical components (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids) of living things and distinguishes between organic and inorganic compounds. | S.Carbon-Based Life; S.Elements Used in Life; S.Macromolecules | Covered | 23 | 3 | 11 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (23 questions, 3 materials, 11 cards, 1 videos). |
SMR III.012 · The teacher understands reproduction and the mechanisms of heredity.132 questions · 15 materials · 66 cards · 2 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Compares and contrasts sexual and asexual reproduction. | S.Plant Reproduction; S.Asexual Reproduction; S.Sexual Reproduction | Covered | 38 | 3 | 23 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (38 questions, 3 materials, 23 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Understands the organization of hereditary material (e.g., DNA, genes, chromosomes). | S.Structure of DNA and RNA; S.Organization of DNA | Covered | 17 | 2 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (17 questions, 2 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Describes how an inherited trait can be determined by one or many genes and how more than one trait can be influenced by a single gene. | S.Relationship Between Genes and Traits | Partially covered | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (2 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| D. Distinguishes between dominant and recessive traits and predicts the probable outcomes of genetic combinations. | S.Dominant vs Recessive; S.Punnett Squares; S.Punnett Squares - Dihybrid Crosses | Covered | 40 | 3 | 13 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (40 questions, 3 materials, 13 cards, 2 videos). |
| E. Evaluates the influence of environmental and genetic factors on the traits of an organism. | S.Environmental vs Genetic; S.Types of Mutations - Sequence; S.Types of Mutations - Environmental; S.Mutations | Covered | 26 | 4 | 21 | 0 | Covered by 4 topics (26 questions, 4 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos). |
| F. Describes current applications of genetic research (e.g., related to cloning, reproduction, health, industry, agriculture). | S.Genetic Research; S.Genetic Research - Agriculture | Covered | 9 | 2 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (9 questions, 2 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
SMR III.013 · The teacher understands adaptations of organisms and the theory of evolution.88 questions · 8 materials · 22 cards · 3 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes similarities and differences among various types of organisms and methods of classifying organisms (e.g., presence of a nucleus determines if a cell is prokaryotic and eukaryotic). | S.Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic | Covered | 12 | 1 | 5 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Describes traits in a population or species that enhance its survival and reproductive success. | S.Natural Selection; S.Adaptations; S.Populations Change (Not Individuals) | Covered | 42 | 3 | 9 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (42 questions, 3 materials, 9 cards, 2 videos). |
| C. Describes how populations and species change through time. | S.Artificial Selection; S.Adaptations | Covered | 18 | 2 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Applies knowledge of the mechanisms and processes of biological evolution (e.g., variation, mutation, environmental factors, natural selection). | S.Natural Selection; S.Macroevolution Methods | Covered | 29 | 2 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (29 questions, 2 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Describes evidence that supports the theory of evolution of life on Earth. | S.DNA as Evidence; S.Macroevolution Evidence | Covered | 19 | 2 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (19 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
SMR III.014 · The teacher understands regulatory mechanisms and behavior.56 questions · 6 materials · 11 cards · 1 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes how organisms respond to internal and external stimuli. | S.Stimuli; S.Plant Stimuli Responses; S.Animal Stimuli Responses | Covered | 15 | 3 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (15 questions, 3 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Applies knowledge of structures and physiological processes that maintain stable internal conditions. | S.Homeostasis; S.Structures and Processes of Homeostasis | Covered | 36 | 2 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (36 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Demonstrates an understanding of feedback mechanisms that allow organisms to maintain stable internal conditions. | S.Positive and Negative Feedback | Partially covered | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| D. Understands how evolutionary history affects behavior. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
SMR III.015 · The teacher understands the relationships between organisms and the environment.134 questions · 13 materials · 56 cards · 6 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the levels of organization within an ecosystem (organism, population, community) and identifies the abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem. | S.Ecological Organization; S.Growth Factors | Covered | 22 | 2 | 12 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (22 questions, 2 materials, 12 cards, 2 videos). |
| B. Analyzes the interrelationships (food chains, food webs) among producers, consumers and decomposers in an ecosystem. | S.Roles In Food Chain; S.Food Webs; S.Types of Relationships; S.Competition | Covered | 69 | 4 | 28 | 4 | Covered by 4 topics (69 questions, 4 materials, 28 cards, 4 videos). |
| C. Identifies factors that influence the size and growth of populations in an ecosystem. | S.Growth Factors | Covered | 12 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Analyzes adaptive characteristics that result in a population’s or species’ unique niche in an ecosystem. | S.Habitats and Niches | Partially covered | 7 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| E. Describes and analyzes energy flow through various types of ecosystems. | S.Roles In Food Chain | Covered | 17 | 1 | 8 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Knows how populations and species modify and affect ecosystems (e.g., succession), and how biodiversity affects the sustainability of ecosystems. | S.Environment as a Pressure; S.Wildlife Impact on Ecosystems; S.Effect of Biodiversity Changes; S.Human Impact on Ecosystems; S.Ecological Succession; S.Major Biomes | Covered | 36 | 6 | 14 | 0 | Covered by 6 topics (36 questions, 6 materials, 14 cards, 0 videos). |
Earth and Space Science (Domain IV)Partially covered
SMR IV.016 · The teacher understands the structure and function of Earth systems.204 questions · 17 materials · 106 cards · 4 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the layers and surface features (landforms) of Earth and uses topographic maps and satellite imaging to analyze constructive and destructive processes that produce geologic change. | S.Structures of Earth; Types of Physical Features - Elementary; S.Topographic Maps; S.Constructive and Destructive Processes; S.Weathering and Erosion - Volcanic Islands and Glaciers; S.Maps | Covered | 77 | 5 | 48 | 2 | Covered by 6 topics (77 questions, 5 materials, 48 cards, 2 videos). |
| B. Understands the form and function of surface and subsurface water (e.g., watershed, aquifer). | S.Surface Water vs Groundwater; S.Bodies of Water; S.Salt Water; S.Ice | Covered | 32 | 4 | 20 | 0 | Covered by 4 topics (32 questions, 4 materials, 20 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Applies knowledge of the composition and structure of the atmosphere and its properties, including characteristics that allow life to exist. | S.Composition and Layers of the Atmosphere; S.Effects of Atmosphere on Life; S.Clouds | Covered | 33 | 3 | 31 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (33 questions, 3 materials, 31 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Demonstrates an understanding of the interactions that occur among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. | Earth's Physical Systems | Covered | 7 | 1 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Applies knowledge of how human activity and natural processes, both gradual and catastrophic, can alter earth and ocean systems. | S.Human Influences on Climate; S.Global Warming; S.Ozone Depletion | Covered | 39 | 3 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (39 questions, 3 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
| F. Identifies the sources of energy (e.g., solar, geothermal, wind, hydroelectric, biofuels) in earth systems and describes mechanisms of energy transfer (e.g., conduction, convection, radiation). | S.Conduction, Convection, and Radiation | Covered | 17 | 1 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
SMR IV.017 · The teacher understands cycles in Earth systems.141 questions · 12 materials · 73 cards · 4 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the rock cycle and how rocks, minerals, fossil fuels and soils are formed. | S.Properties of Rocks and Minerals; S.Soil; S.Types of Soil; S.Rock Cycle | Covered | 58 | 4 | 33 | 1 | Covered by 4 topics (58 questions, 4 materials, 33 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Understands the water cycle and its relationship to weather processes; how the sun and the ocean interact in the water cycle. | S.Water Cycle; S.Water Cycle - Physical Processes Driving | Covered | 26 | 2 | 23 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (26 questions, 2 materials, 23 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Understands the nutrient (e.g., carbon, nitrogen) cycle and its relationship to earth systems. | S.Carbon Cycle; S.Nitrogen Cycle; S.Oxygen Cycle; S.Hydrogen Cycle | Covered | 39 | 4 | 12 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (39 questions, 4 materials, 12 cards, 2 videos). |
| D. Applies knowledge of how human and natural processes affect earth systems. | S.Effects of Land on Climate; S.Effects of Natural Phenomena on Climate | Covered | 18 | 2 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Understands the dynamic interactions that occur among the various cycles in the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
SMR IV.018 · The teacher understands the role of energy in weather and climate.72 questions · 8 materials · 54 cards · 2 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the elements of weather (e.g., humidity, wind speed, pressure, temperature) and how they are measured. | S.Air Masses and Ocean Currents; S.Weather Tools; S.Weather Points; S.Relative Humidity | Covered | 37 | 4 | 24 | 0 | Covered by 4 topics (37 questions, 4 materials, 24 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Compares and contrasts weather and climate. | S.Weather vs Climate | Covered | 11 | 1 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Analyzes weather charts and data to make weather predictions based on local and global patterns. | S.Weather Charts; S.Predicting Severe Weather | Covered | 18 | 2 | 23 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 23 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Applies knowledge of how transfers of energy among earth systems affect weather and climate. | S.Uneven Heating of Earth | Partially covered | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 1 videos); limited supporting content. |
| E. Analyzes how Earth’s position, orientation and surface features affect weather and climate. | S.Uneven Heating of Earth | Partially covered | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 1 videos); limited supporting content. |
SMR IV.019 · The teacher understands the characteristics of the solar system and the universe.164 questions · 14 materials · 163 cards · 2 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the properties and characteristics of celestial objects. | S.Properties of Celestial Bodies | Covered | 6 | 1 | 21 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Applies knowledge of the earth-moon-sun system and the interactions among them (e.g., seasons, lunar phases, eclipses). | S.Seasons; S.Tides; S.Lunar Cycle; S.Eclipses | Covered | 73 | 4 | 36 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (73 questions, 4 materials, 36 cards, 2 videos). |
| C. Identifies properties of the components of the solar system, including systems that allow life to exist. | S.Components of the Solar System; S.Conditions for Life; S.The Sun; S.Advanced Solar System Components; S.The Sun - Advanced | Covered | 43 | 5 | 71 | 0 | Covered by 5 topics (43 questions, 5 materials, 71 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Recognizes characteristics of stars, nebulae and galaxies and their distribution in the universe. | S.Star Characteristics; S.Star Life Cycle; S.Types of Galaxies | Covered | 33 | 3 | 40 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (33 questions, 3 materials, 40 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Demonstrates an understanding of scientific theories of the origin of the universe. | S.Origin of the Universe | Covered | 9 | 1 | 26 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (9 questions, 1 materials, 26 cards, 0 videos). |
SMR IV.020 · The teacher understands the history of the Earth system.95 questions · 8 materials · 57 cards · 0 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the scope of the geologic time scale and its relationship to geologic processes. | S.Earth's History | Covered | 10 | 1 | 13 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 13 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Demonstrates an understanding of theories about the earth’s origin and geologic history. | S.Earth's History - Key Events; S.Earth's History - Physical Changes | Covered | 12 | 2 | 15 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (12 questions, 2 materials, 15 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Demonstrates an understanding of how tectonic forces have shaped landforms over time. | S.Tectonic Plate Theory; S.Earthquakes | Covered | 38 | 2 | 27 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (38 questions, 2 materials, 27 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Understands the formation of fossils and the importance of the fossil record in explaining the earth’s history. | S.Half-life Calculations; S.Applications of Radioactivity; S.Formation of Fossils | Covered | 35 | 3 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (35 questions, 3 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
Science Learning, Instruction and Assessment Competency (Domain V)Partially covered
SMR V.021 · The teacher has theoretical and practical knowledge about teaching science and about how students learn science.80 questions · 10 materials · 17 cards · 1 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands how the developmental characteristics, prior knowledge and experience and attitudes of students influence science learning. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
| B. Selects and adapts science curricula, content, instructional materials and activities to meet the interests, knowledge, understanding, abilities, experiences and needs of all students, including English-language learners. | S.Differentiation; S.ELL | Covered | 10 | 2 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (10 questions, 2 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Understands how to use situations from students’ daily lives to develop instructional materials that investigate how science can be used to make informed decisions. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
| D. Understands common misconceptions in science and effective ways to address these misconceptions. | S.Misconceptions; S.Evaluate Student Solutions | Covered | 17 | 2 | 2 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (17 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Understands the rationale for the use of active learning and inquiry processes for students. | S.Engagement; S.Active Learning; S.Technology for Real-World Applications | Covered | 34 | 3 | 11 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (34 questions, 3 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos). |
| F. Understands questioning strategies designed to elicit higher-level thinking and how to use them to move students from concrete to more abstract understanding. | S.Critical Thinking; S.Activities For Critical Thinking | Covered | 14 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (14 questions, 2 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos). |
| G. Understands the importance of planning activities that are inclusive and accommodate the needs of all students. | S.Diversity | Partially covered | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| H. Understands how to sequence learning activities in a way that allows students to build upon their prior knowledge and challenges them to expand their understanding of science. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
SMR V.022 · The teacher understands the process of scientific inquiry and its role in science instruction.89 questions · 7 materials · 37 cards · 3 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Plans and implements instruction that provides opportunities for all students to engage in nonexperimental and experimental inquiry investigations. | S.Major Science Instructional Theories; S.Activities for Inquiry - Secondary | Covered | 21 | 2 | 12 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (21 questions, 2 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Focuses inquiry-based instruction on questions and issues relevant to students and uses strategies to assist students with generating, refining and focusing scientific questions and hypotheses. | S.Inquiry | Covered | 22 | 1 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (22 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Instructs students in the safe and proper use of a variety of grade appropriate tools, equipment, resources, technology and techniques to access, gather, store, retrieve, organize and analyze data. | S.Scientific Lab Techniques | Covered | 4 | 1 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Knows how to guide and manage students in making systematic observations and measurements. | S.Fostering Scientific Skills | Covered | 20 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (20 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Knows how to promote the use of critical-thinking skills, logical reasoning and scientific problem solving to reach conclusions based on evidence. | S.Inquiry | Covered | 22 | 1 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (22 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Knows how to teach students to develop, analyze and evaluate different explanations for a given scientific result. | S.Credible Sources | Covered | 11 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| G. Knows how to teach students to demonstrate an understanding of potential sources of error in inquiry-based investigation. | S.Error In Measurements | Covered | 11 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| H. Knows how to teach students to demonstrate an understanding of how to communicate and defend the results of an inquiry-based investigation. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
SMR V.023 · The teacher knows the varied and appropriate assessments and assessment practices to monitor science learning in laboratory, field and classroom settings.49 questions · 2 materials · 10 cards · 1 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the relationships among science curriculum, assessment and instruction and bases instruction on information gathered through assessment of students’ strengths and needs. | S.Assessment and Instruction - Science | Covered | 42 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (42 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Understands the importance of monitoring and assessing students’ understanding of science concepts and skills on an ongoing basis. | S.Assessment and Instruction - Science | Covered | 42 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (42 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Understands the importance of carefully selecting or designing formative and summative assessments for the specific decisions they are intended to inform. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
| D. Selects or designs and administers a variety of appropriate assessment methods (e.g., performance assessment, self-assessment, formal/informal, formative/summative) to monitor student understanding and progress. | S.Variety of Assessment | Partially covered | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 0 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| E. Uses formal and informal assessments of student performance and products (e.g., projects, lab journals, rubrics, portfolios, student profiles, checklists) to evaluate student participation in and understanding of the inquiry process. | S.Variety of Assessment | Partially covered | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 0 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| F. Understands the importance of sharing evaluation criteria and assessment results with students. | S.Rubrics in Assessment | Partially covered | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
How 240 Creates The TExES 4-8 Science (116) Study Guide
Every 240 study guide starts with the official exam framework. From there, we organize lessons, practice, and study tools around the categories the exam uses to measure candidate knowledge.
Review the official exam framework
We begin with the standards, domains, competencies, objectives, or content categories published by the testing authority.
Map the tested categories
We map every major area the exam is designed to cover so the guide reflects the real structure of the test.
Build lessons around tested content
We create study materials to support the official blueprint, not broad filler content.
Cross-check practice against exam expectations
We review practice content against the framework and real exam patterns so preparation stays targeted.
Review and update as standards change
When official frameworks change, we review guides and update alignment as needed.
Reviewed by subject-matter experts and maintained to reflect current standards.
Why 240 Is Better Than Other Generic Study Guides
Not all study guides are built the same way. Here is what separates a test-aligned guide from a generic one — and why it matters when you are preparing for the TExES 4-8 Science.
Generic prep
- Covers broad subject areas without structure
- No clear connection to the official exam framework
- Practice questions may not reflect the real test format
- May not update when official standards change
- Can be helpful for quick, broad review
240 test-aligned TExES 116 prep
- Every lesson maps to an official domain or competency
- Built directly from the official exam framework
- Practice questions aligned to what the exam actually measures
- A clear study path by tested category
- Study smarter and enter test day more prepared
FAQs About the TExES 4-8 Science Study Guide
The questions teacher candidates ask us most often about the TExES 4-8 Science study guide.
Is 240 a good study guide for TExES 4-8 Science?
240 is a strong option because the guide is built around the official exam framework and shows detailed alignment by SMR and competency.
How closely does 240 align to the TExES 116 exam?
This guide is 88% aligned based on a competency-by-competency review of the official framework and the study resources included in the guide.
Does 240 cover every competency?
This page shows coverage transparently across covered, partially covered, and identified gaps so candidates can see exactly how the guide maps to the exam.
What does “partially covered” mean?
Partially covered means the guide addresses the core parts of a competency, but some depth or subtopics may still be limited.