Coverage by content domain
Lessons and questions are organized around the exam’s content areas so your preparation reflects the structure of the assessment.
Why Test Alignment Matters for Your MTEL General Curriculum Subtest 2 Study Guide
Certification test standards are broad, but the exam questions are very specific. Our team of curriculum experts uses the 240 Study Guide Creation Process to ensure the most aligned, specific content for your MTEL General Curriculum Subtest 2 (278) test — so you are not wasting time on broad subject review that may not show up on exam day.
Why 240 is the best choice for the MTEL 278 study guide
- Built around the official exam framework
- Organized by the competencies actually used on the exam
- Shows exactly what is covered and where depth is partial
- Includes aligned questions, flashcards, study materials, and videos
- Helps candidates study what is actually tested instead of broad generic content
Transparent coverage is a strength. We show where the guide is strong, where depth is partial, and where a gap has been identified so you can make an informed study decision.
How to Read This Alignment Review
10Domains
84Competencies reviewed
96%Test-aligned
79Covered
3Partially covered
2Gaps
- CoveredCompetency is comprehensively supported by the guide.
- Partially coveredCore content is covered, but some depth gaps remain.
- Coverage gap identifiedA content gap has been identified.
This study guide is based on the current official exam framework. We review and update alignment whenever the official framework changes so candidates are always studying current, accurate material.
Apply number theory, structures of numeration systems and operations, and arithmetic properties to the real number system using the Standards for Mathematical Practice. (Domain 0011)Partially covered
375 questions · 28 materials · 64 cards · 11 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Identify developmental foundations and progressions related to the concept of number (e.g., counting, recognition of numerals, one-to-one correspondence, cardinality, comparing quantitative values, subitizing, conservation of number, number structures). | M.Learning Progressions in Math; M.Manipulatives for PK-3; M.Pre-Number Concepts; M.Counting Techniques; M.Number Sense for Young Children | Covered | 82 | 5 | 20 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (82 questions, 5 materials, 20 cards, 1 videos). |
| b. Analyze the structures and properties of the base-ten numeration system, including interpretation and representation of place value. | M.Place Value; M.Place Value - Powers of 10; M.Place Value - Names; M.Composition and Decomposition of Multi-Digit Numbers; M.Base Systems | Covered | 59 | 5 | 3 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (59 questions, 5 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos). |
| c. Distinguish between prime and composite numbers, and generate factors and multiples using prime factorization. | M.Prime and Composite Numbers; M.Prime Factorization; M.Justify and Prove Number Relationships | Covered | 45 | 3 | 5 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (45 questions, 3 materials, 5 cards, 2 videos). |
| d. Compare, sort, and order numbers, including fractions and decimals (e.g., on a number line). | M.Compare Places on a Number Line; M.Order Whole Numbers by Magnitude; M.Order Real Numbers by Magnitude | Covered | 48 | 3 | 3 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (48 questions, 3 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos). |
| e. Apply rounding and estimating to whole numbers, decimals, and percentages, and judge the effect of those estimations on the results. | M.Rounding | Partially covered | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 1 videos); limited supporting content. |
| f. Apply the properties of operations, and recognize relationships between operations (e.g., multiplication as repeated additions). | M.Operational Properties | Covered | 44 | 1 | 3 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (44 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos). |
| g. Analyze strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and relationships between operations. | M.Place Value; M.Operational Properties | Covered | 77 | 2 | 5 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (77 questions, 2 materials, 5 cards, 2 videos). |
| h. Analyze and convert among various representations (e.g., graphic, pictorial, verbal) of numbers and of number operations. | M.Variety of Representations; M.Models for Addition and Subtraction; M.Models for Multiplication and Division; M.Connecting Situations with Operations | Covered | 38 | 4 | 14 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (38 questions, 4 materials, 14 cards, 2 videos). |
| i. Evaluate and justify standard and nonstandard computational algorithms and computational strategies. | M.Operational Algorithm Relationships; M.Operation and Algorithm Connections | Covered | 9 | 2 | 13 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (9 questions, 2 materials, 13 cards, 0 videos). |
| j. Interpret multiple representations/models of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers and decimals, and use these operations to evaluate expressions. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
| k. Apply knowledge of areas of mathematical content (e.g., counting and cardinality, operations and algebraic thinking, number and operations in base ten), and identify strategies for integrating mathematics content across other content areas and into students' play and everyday lives. | M.Real-World Applications; M.Interdisciplinary Connections | Covered | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos). |
| l. Model diverse real-world and scientific situations and solve corresponding mathematical problems involving whole numbers, decimals, fractions, and percentages. | M.Fraction, Decimal, Percentage Conversions; M.Representations of Fractions in Word Problems | Covered | 26 | 2 | 7 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (26 questions, 2 materials, 7 cards, 2 videos). |
Apply properties and applications of fractions, ratios, rates, and proportions using the Standards for Mathematical Practice. (Domain 0012)Covered
248 questions · 12 materials · 36 cards · 5 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Demonstrate knowledge of fractions as numbers (e.g., unit fraction, relative size, relation to the whole, relation to division). | M.Fraction Composition and Decomposition; M.Ratios; M.Unit Rates | Covered | 36 | 3 | 5 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (36 questions, 3 materials, 5 cards, 1 videos). |
| b. Interpret multiple representations of fractions (including mixed numbers), test for equivalency between and compare two or more fractions, and represent equivalent fractions. | M.Comparing Fractions | Covered | 41 | 1 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (41 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
| c. Apply and extend knowledge of procedures for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions, and justify why procedures for operations with fractions make sense. | M.Fraction Operations - Multiply and Divide; M.Fraction Operations - Mixed Numbers; M.Fraction Operations - Add and Subtract | Covered | 50 | 3 | 14 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (50 questions, 3 materials, 14 cards, 0 videos). |
| d. Apply rounding and estimating methods to expressions with fractions, and judge the effect of those estimations on the results. | M.Mental Math and Estimation | Covered | 24 | 1 | 7 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (24 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos). |
| e. Analyze multiple representations for modeling operations involving fractions. | M.Models for Fractions and Decimals | Covered | 10 | 1 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| f. Demonstrate knowledge of the connections between fractions, ratios, and rates. | M.Ratios | Covered | 12 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| g. Apply ratio and rate concepts, and use ratio and rate language to describe relationships and situations. | M.Unit Rates | Covered | 14 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (14 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 1 videos). |
| h. Analyze multiple representations of proportional relationships (e.g., equations, tape diagrams, double number lines, tables), and solve proportional relationships for a missing value. | M.Models for Fractions and Decimals | Covered | 10 | 1 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| i. Apply proportional reasoning to calculate a percent, and use percents to find unknown values. | M.Ratios, Proportions, Percents | Covered | 37 | 1 | 3 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (37 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos). |
| j. Model diverse real-world and scientific situations and solve corresponding mathematical problems involving fractions, ratios, rates, and proportions (e.g., mixtures, speeds, scale factors, scale drawings). | M.Proportional Reasoning - Word Problems; M.Proportional Reasoning - Scale Drawings | Covered | 50 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (50 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 2 videos). |
Apply knowledge of patterns, algebraic relationships, and functions using the Standards for Mathematical Practice. (Domain 0013)Covered
269 questions · 21 materials · 38 cards · 12 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Apply properties of numbers and operations to interpret and explain relationships (e.g., the product of two even numbers is even). | M.Divisibility Rules | Covered | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos). |
| b. Interpret graphs that model diverse real-world situations, including those representing linear and nonlinear relationships. | M.Linear Equation Word Problems; M.Linear Equation Word Problems - More Slope | Covered | 19 | 2 | 0 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (19 questions, 2 materials, 0 cards, 1 videos). |
| c. Apply the concepts of equality, equation, variable, and function to express relationships algebraically. | M.Forms of Equations; M.Dependent and Independent Variables; M.Relation and Function Representations | Covered | 54 | 3 | 15 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (54 questions, 3 materials, 15 cards, 2 videos). |
| d. Recognize, extend, and analyze patterns using a variety of representations (e.g., verbal, numeric, graphic, symbolic). | M.Types of Sequences; M.Patterns - Developing an Expression; M.Patterns - Developing a Linear Formula | Covered | 50 | 3 | 9 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (50 questions, 3 materials, 9 cards, 2 videos). |
| e. Manipulate, simplify, and critique algebraic expressions using the properties of operations and relations. | M.Equivalence of Expressions - To Simplify; M.Equivalence of Expressions - To Expand; M.Rearranging Formulas; M.Rearranging Formulas - Isolate | Covered | 50 | 4 | 9 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (50 questions, 4 materials, 9 cards, 2 videos). |
| f. Solve equations and inequalities either to determine an unknown value or to express one variable in terms of another. | M.Linear Expression Evaluation; M.Rearranging Formulas - Isolate; M.Solve for x - Linear; M.Solve for x - Linear (Multiple Variables); M.Interpreting Inequalities; M.Solving Linear Inequalities; M.Solve Linear Inequalities - Graphically | Covered | 75 | 7 | 7 | 6 | Covered by 7 topics (75 questions, 7 materials, 7 cards, 6 videos). |
| g. Identify, calculate, and interpret features of linear relationships (e.g., slope, solutions to an equation, intercept values). | M.Understanding Linear Functions and Their Properties | Covered | 15 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (15 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| h. Use algebra to solve word problems involving fractions, ratios, proportions, and percentages. | M.Linear Equation Word Problems | Covered | 15 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (15 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 1 videos). |
| i. Calculate and interpret the meaning of a rate of change, and analyze situations characterized by a constant rate of change. | M.Understanding Linear Functions and Their Properties; M.Linear Equations - Rearrange to Slope-Intercept Form | Covered | 20 | 2 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (20 questions, 2 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| j. Model diverse real-world and scientific situations and solve corresponding mathematical problems involving algebraic expressions, equations, inequalities, and linear relations. | M.Linear Equation Word Problems | Covered | 15 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (15 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 1 videos). |
Apply concepts of geometry using the Standards for Mathematical Practice. (Domain 0014)Partially covered
286 questions · 18 materials · 55 cards · 9 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Identify and classify two- and three-dimensional figures according to their characteristics (e.g., sides, angles, faces, vertices, edges). | M.Attributes of Polygons - Irregular Shapes; M.Attributes of Polygons - Advanced | Covered | 12 | 2 | 23 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (12 questions, 2 materials, 23 cards, 0 videos). |
| b. Determine area and volume of composite figures by composition and decomposition using standard and nonstandard units. | M.Area and Perimeter of Polygons; M.Area and Perimeter of Polygons - Irregular Shapes; M.Area and Perimeter of Rectangles and Triangles | Covered | 69 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (69 questions, 3 materials, 2 cards, 1 videos). |
| c. Justify area and volume formulas obtained through compositions and decompositions of unit squares or unit cubes, including formulas for the area of rectangles and volume of rectangular prisms. | M.Derivation of Geometric Equations; M.Generating Formulas for Shapes; M.Volume of Box | Covered | 21 | 3 | 1 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (21 questions, 3 materials, 1 cards, 1 videos). |
| d. Calculate surface area and volume of common three-dimensional figures. | M.Surface Area in 3D; M.Volume in 3D | Covered | 51 | 2 | 5 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (51 questions, 2 materials, 5 cards, 2 videos). |
| e. Determine the measures of radius, diameter, circumference, and area of a circle, and recognize the relationships among these characteristics. | M.Measurements in Circles | Covered | 18 | 1 | 3 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (18 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos). |
| f. Interpret and use nets representing three-dimensional figures. | M.Nets | Covered | 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos). |
| g. Classify and analyze figures in the coordinate plane using distance, slope, and parallel and perpendicular lines. | M.Parallel and Perpendicular Lines and Formulas; M.Points, Lines, Planes, Angles; M.Slope, Midpoint, and Distance | Covered | 48 | 3 | 16 | 3 | Covered by 3 topics (48 questions, 3 materials, 16 cards, 3 videos). |
| h. Analyze the effects of translations, rotations, and reflections on figures in the coordinate plane. | M.Rigid Transformations | Covered | 16 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (16 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| i. Classify angles and analyze relationships between related angles in polygons and intersecting lines. | M.Solving with Points, Lines, Planes, Angles | Covered | 27 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (27 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| j. Model diverse real-world and scientific situations and solve corresponding mathematical problems involving two- and three-dimensional figures and coordinate geometry. | M.Solving with Shapes - Rectangles and Squares | Partially covered | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
Apply principles, concepts, and procedures related to measurement and data using the Standards for Mathematical Practice. (Domain 0015)Covered
421 questions · 23 materials · 59 cards · 12 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Select appropriate units and methods of measurement for a given application (e.g., direct versus indirect measurement, relationship of a measurement to the size of the unit). | M.Choosing Appropriate Units; M.Measurement Tools; M.Measurement Principles; M.Metric System Estimations | Covered | 62 | 4 | 19 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (62 questions, 4 materials, 19 cards, 2 videos). |
| b. Perform unit conversions within a measurement system. | M.Converting Units - Proportional Reasoning; M.Converting Units - Dimensional Analysis | Covered | 49 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (49 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 2 videos). |
| c. Model diverse real-world and scientific situations and solve corresponding mathematical problems involving money, length, perimeter, area, volume, mass, capacity, density, elapsed time, temperature, angles, and rates of change. | M.United States Money; M.Calculating Elapsed Time | Covered | 31 | 2 | 0 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (31 questions, 2 materials, 0 cards, 1 videos). |
| d. Analyze the relationships between linear dimensions on measures of perimeter, area, and/or volume (e.g., the effect of changing the dimensions of a shape on its area, maximizing area by changing a dimension). | M.Convert Between Surface Area and Volume; M.Dimensional Changes Affecting Area and Volume | Covered | 32 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (32 questions, 2 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos). |
| e. Interpret and compare data represented in tables, charts, and graphs (e.g., picture graphs, bar graphs, dot plots, histograms, box plots, circle graphs). | M.Graphs and Plots; M.Boxplots | Covered | 43 | 2 | 17 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (43 questions, 2 materials, 17 cards, 1 videos). |
| f. Calculate and analyze measures of central tendency (i.e., mean, median, and mode) and dispersion (i.e., range and interquartile range). | M.Measures of Center and Range | Covered | 56 | 1 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (56 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
| g. Select appropriate graphs or numerical summaries to represent the distribution of categorical or numerical data, and compare data distributions in terms of differences in center, variability, and shape. | M.Choosing a Graph or Plot; M.Data Analysis and Interpretation; M.Choosing Measures of Center | Covered | 51 | 3 | 13 | 3 | Covered by 3 topics (51 questions, 3 materials, 13 cards, 3 videos). |
| h. Analyze sampling techniques used to collect data for diverse real-world and scientific situations. | M.Appropriate vs Inappropriate Representations of Data; M.Surveys; M.Sampling Methods | Covered | 31 | 3 | 7 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (31 questions, 3 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos). |
| i. Develop and justify appropriate inferences, interpolations, and extrapolations from a set of data. | M.Data Analysis and Interpretation; M.Interpolation of Data | Covered | 29 | 2 | 3 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (29 questions, 2 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos). |
| j. Apply fundamental principles of probability, including analyzing simulations and probability models of diverse real-world and scientific situations. | M.Probability; M.Simple and Compound Events; M.Probability Simulations | Covered | 65 | 3 | 9 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (65 questions, 3 materials, 9 cards, 2 videos). |
Apply knowledge of Earth and space science principles and the Science and Engineering Practices to interpret and analyze phenomena. (Domain 0016)Covered
542 questions · 40 materials · 290 cards · 9 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Demonstrate knowledge of the solar system, including its structure and the relationships among objects in the solar system (e.g., the Moon's effect on Earth, the change of seasons, lunar phases). | S.Seasons; S.Tides; S.Lunar Cycle; S.Eclipses; S.Components of the Solar System; S.Orbits of the Solar System; S.The Sun | Covered | 107 | 7 | 83 | 2 | Covered by 7 topics (107 questions, 7 materials, 83 cards, 2 videos). |
| b. Demonstrate knowledge of the forces that shape Earth's surface (e.g., erosion, weathering, deposition, volcanism) and evidence of these forces. | S.Constructive and Destructive Processes; S.Weathering and Erosion - Volcanic Islands and Glaciers; S.Earth's History - Physical Changes; S.Tectonic Plate Theory | Covered | 75 | 4 | 46 | 1 | Covered by 4 topics (75 questions, 4 materials, 46 cards, 1 videos). |
| c. Recognize the structure and patterns of Earth's features (e.g., earthquake epicenters, deep-ocean trenches, mountain ranges, volcanoes, bodies of water), including analyzing Earth's features through maps and other models. | S.Structures of Earth; Types of Physical Features - Elementary; S.Topographic Maps; S.Volcanoes; S.Earthquakes; S.Ocean Features | Covered | 66 | 6 | 68 | 1 | Covered by 6 topics (66 questions, 6 materials, 68 cards, 1 videos). |
| d. Analyze the components and processes of the water cycle and where water is found on Earth (e.g., watersheds). | S.Surface Water vs Groundwater; S.Water Cycle | Covered | 29 | 2 | 13 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (29 questions, 2 materials, 13 cards, 1 videos). |
| e. Apply knowledge of the difference between weather and climate, of factors that affect weather and climate (e.g., proximity to large bodies of water, mountains, energy input from the Sun), of the patterns that predict typical weather in an area, and of tools (e.g., thermometer, rain gauge) and systematic methods for making quantitative observations of local weather conditions that describe patterns over time. | S.Weather vs Climate; S.Uneven Heating of Earth; S.Air Masses and Ocean Currents; S.Effects of Land on Climate; S.Weather Tools; S.Weather Charts; S.Predicting Severe Weather; S.Human Influences on Climate | Covered | 77 | 8 | 58 | 2 | Covered by 8 topics (77 questions, 8 materials, 58 cards, 2 videos). |
| f. Demonstrate knowledge of the effects of natural events (e.g., floods, hurricanes, blizzards, earthquakes, extreme heat, fires) and ways to predict, minimize, and mitigate these effects. | Natural Disasters; S.Global Warming | Covered | 23 | 2 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (23 questions, 2 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| g. Analyze the ways humans use their local and global renewable and nonrenewable resources, the impact of humans on the environment (e.g., pollution, climate change, deforestation), and ways to minimize that impact (e.g., reusing, recycling, or composting resources; reducing energy consumption; improving drinking water). | S.Human Populations Impact the Earth; S.Environmental Stewardship; S.Resource Extraction; S.Renewable vs Nonrenewable; S.Types of Power Sources | Covered | 63 | 5 | 19 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (63 questions, 5 materials, 19 cards, 1 videos). |
| h. Apply knowledge of the use of science and engineering practices in exploring and understanding content related to the Earth and space sciences, such as developing and using models, planning and safely conducting investigations, applying mathematical concepts, constructing explanations, and communicating and evaluating data and conclusions. | S.Evidence, Models, and Explanation; S.Models; S.Experimental Investigations; S.Interdisciplinary Connections; S.Proper Data Analysis; S.Engineering Design Process | Covered | 102 | 6 | 19 | 1 | Covered by 6 topics (102 questions, 6 materials, 19 cards, 1 videos). |
Apply knowledge of life science principles and the Science and Engineering Practices to interpret and analyze phenomena. (Domain 0017)Covered
382 questions · 31 materials · 139 cards · 13 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Identify the basic characteristics of life that distinguish organisms from nonliving things (e.g., cellular structure, growth, reproduction). | S.Requirements of Life; S.Carbon-Based Life | Covered | 15 | 2 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (15 questions, 2 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| b. Demonstrate knowledge of the basic structures of plants and animals (e.g., leaves, flowers, wings, eyes) and how body structures and systems (e.g., root, circulatory, digestive) interact to carry out essential functions of life (e.g., obtaining energy and nutrients, maintaining internal conditions, responding to stimuli). | S.Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems; S.Parts of the Cell; S.Types of Cells; S.Plant Systems Basics; S.Vascular vs Nonvascular Plants; S.Plant Transportation; S.Human Body Systems; S.Internal Transport; S.Digestion and Excretory; S.Reproduction and Development; S.Plant Growth; S.Plant Reproduction | Covered | 146 | 12 | 80 | 5 | Covered by 12 topics (146 questions, 12 materials, 80 cards, 5 videos). |
| c. Identify the basic principles of heredity, and distinguish between inherited characteristics and characteristics influenced by interaction with the environment. | S.Punnett Squares; S.Environmental vs Genetic; S.Learned vs Inherited | Covered | 32 | 3 | 8 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (32 questions, 3 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos). |
| d. Demonstrate knowledge of how species adapt and evolve over time as a result of differences in characteristics between individuals that can provide advantages in survival and reproduction, and demonstrate knowledge of the use of evidence (e.g., fossil record, anatomical similarities) to support arguments about changes in life-forms throughout the history of Earth and about evolutionary relationships between organisms. | S.Natural Selection; S.Adaptations; S.Populations Change (Not Individuals) | Covered | 42 | 3 | 9 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (42 questions, 3 materials, 9 cards, 2 videos). |
| e. Analyze how organisms interact with one another and their environments, including ways in which the structures and behaviors of animals and plants help them survive and reproduce. | S.Stimuli; S.Plant Stimuli Responses; S.Animal Stimuli Responses; S.Environment as a Pressure | Covered | 18 | 4 | 8 | 1 | Covered by 4 topics (18 questions, 4 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos). |
| f. Demonstrate knowledge of the cycling of matter and flow of energy between living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem, and analyze the interactions of organisms with their environment and interactions between organisms. | S.Roles In Food Chain; S.Food Webs | Covered | 41 | 2 | 15 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (41 questions, 2 materials, 15 cards, 2 videos). |
| g. Apply knowledge of the use of science and engineering practices in exploring and understanding content related to life science, such as developing and using models, planning and safely conducting investigations, applying mathematical concepts, constructing explanations, and communicating and evaluating data and conclusions. | S.Evidence, Models, and Explanation; S.Models; S.Experimental Investigations; S.Proper Data Analysis; S.Engineering Design Process | Covered | 88 | 5 | 16 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (88 questions, 5 materials, 16 cards, 1 videos). |
Apply knowledge of physical sciences principles and the Science and Engineering Practices to interpret and analyze phenomena. (Domain 0018)Covered
470 questions · 36 materials · 178 cards · 11 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Demonstrate knowledge of the properties of materials and matter (e.g., color, hardness, reflectivity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, response to magnetic forces, solubility), states of matter (i.e., liquid, solid, and gas) and changes in phase, and representations of matter and its interactions (e.g., the particle model). | S.States of Matter; S.Phase Changes; S.Physical Properties; S.Magnetic Materials; S.Electrical Conductor vs Insulator; S.Physical Properties of Fluids | Covered | 57 | 6 | 38 | 3 | Covered by 6 topics (57 questions, 6 materials, 38 cards, 3 videos). |
| b. Demonstrate knowledge of pure substances, compounds, and mixtures and of physical changes and chemical reactions. | S.Elements and Compounds; S.Mixtures and Solutions; S.Chemical Properties; S.Chemical vs Physical Changes | Covered | 51 | 4 | 28 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (51 questions, 4 materials, 28 cards, 2 videos). |
| c. Recognize forms of energy (e.g., heat, electrical, magnetic, sound, light, kinetic, potential) and that energy can change from one form to another and can transfer from place to place. | S.Light; S.Electromagnetic Spectrum; S.Types of Energy; S.Heat vs Temperature; S.Conduction, Convection, and Radiation; S.Electricity and Magnetism | Covered | 93 | 6 | 34 | 2 | Covered by 6 topics (93 questions, 6 materials, 34 cards, 2 videos). |
| d. Apply the basic concept of forces (e.g., gravitational, frictional, magnetic, applied) to the motion of objects. | S.Electricity and Magnetism; S.Force and Newton's Laws; S.Motion Terms; S.Gravity | Covered | 76 | 4 | 32 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (76 questions, 4 materials, 32 cards, 2 videos). |
| e. Demonstrate knowledge of gravitational forces and that gravitational forces between objects with mass are attractive and are only noticeable if one or both objects have a very large mass. | S.Mass vs Weight; S.Gravity Advanced | Covered | 17 | 2 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (17 questions, 2 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| f. Recognize changes in energy when objects collide, and relate the speed of an object to its energy. | S.Newton's First Law; S.Newton's Second Law; S.Newton's Third Law | Covered | 14 | 3 | 1 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (14 questions, 3 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos). |
| g. Apply the principles of the conservation of matter and energy (e.g., conservation of atoms during a reaction, conservation of energy when force is applied to an object). | S.Conservation of Matter and Energy; S.Laws of Thermodynamics | Covered | 20 | 2 | 11 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (20 questions, 2 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos). |
| h. Apply knowledge of waves, including sound and light; methods of transferring energy and information by various types of waves (e.g., electromagnetic, mechanical) through various media; and wave phenomena (e.g., reflection, absorption, transmittal) in everyday life. | S.Properties of Waves; S.Sound; S.Reflection and Refraction; S.Diffraction and Dispersion; S.Absorption and Transmission | Covered | 74 | 5 | 29 | 0 | Covered by 5 topics (74 questions, 5 materials, 29 cards, 0 videos). |
| i. Apply knowledge of the use of science and engineering practices in exploring and understanding content related to the physical sciences, such as developing and using models, planning and safely conducting investigations, applying mathematical concepts, constructing explanations, and communicating and evaluating data and conclusions. | S.Evidence, Models, and Explanation; S.Models; S.Experimental Investigations; S.Proper Data Analysis; S.Engineering Design Process | Covered | 88 | 5 | 16 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (88 questions, 5 materials, 16 cards, 1 videos). |
Apply knowledge of engineering principles and practices to interpret and analyze design problems. (Domain 0019)Covered
64 questions · 6 materials · 55 cards · 1 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Demonstrate knowledge of the processes of engineering design (i.e., defining problems; developing and using models; planning and carrying out investigations; analyzing and interpreting data; using mathematics and computational thinking; constructing explanations and designing solutions; engaging in argument from evidence; and obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information). | S.Engineering Design Process | Covered | 29 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (29 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| b. Recognize the relationship between the use of a material (e.g., metal, plastic, wood) and the material's physical and chemical properties (e.g., flexibility, ductility, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, melting point). | S.Thermal Conductor vs Insulator; S.Molecular Structure of Materials Affecting Physical Properties; S.Applications of Physical and Chemical Properties | Covered | 19 | 3 | 27 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (19 questions, 3 materials, 27 cards, 1 videos). |
| c. Apply knowledge of how to identify a design problem and communicate design solutions, including making improvements to existing designs. | S.Engineering Design Process | Covered | 29 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (29 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| d. Demonstrate knowledge of how to apply engineering design practices to define a problem and to identify the criteria and constraints (e.g., materials, time, cost) associated with the problem. | S.Engineering Design Process | Covered | 29 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (29 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| e. Recognize the selection and appropriate and safe use of tools for a design solution, including measuring tools, hand tools, fasteners, and common handheld power tools in a variety of contexts, including manufacturing processes, engineering projects, and daily activities. | S.Choose Appropriate Equipment; S.Proper Tool Use | Covered | 16 | 2 | 24 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (16 questions, 2 materials, 24 cards, 0 videos). |
| f. Apply knowledge of the iterative design process, including testing, comparing design solutions, analyzing the impact of design solutions on society, and modifying design solutions to improve a prototype in a real-world context. | S.Engineering Design Process | Covered | 29 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (29 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
Prepare an organized, developed analysis of a scenario that integrates science/engineering and mathematics content and practices. (Domain 0020)Partially covered
0 questions · 2 materials · 0 cards · 0 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Analyze a description or model of a situation involving a scientific phenomenon, an investigation, or an engineering design problem. | CRQ-Scoring-MTEL.178.278.scoring; CRQ-Scoring-MTEL.278 | Partially covered | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 2 topics (0 questions, 2 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| b. Apply appropriate mathematical knowledge and skills to the given situation (e.g., to select appropriate units of measurement; to apply geometry concepts; to summarize, interpret, and/or analyze data; to model relationships with tables, graphs, and equations; to verify quantifiable data). | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
How 240 Creates The MTEL General Curriculum Subtest 2 (278) Study Guide
Every 240 study guide starts with the official exam framework. From there, we organize lessons, practice, and study tools around the categories the exam uses to measure candidate knowledge.
Review the official exam framework
We begin with the standards, domains, competencies, objectives, or content categories published by the testing authority.
Map the tested categories
We map every major area the exam is designed to cover so the guide reflects the real structure of the test.
Build lessons around tested content
We create study materials to support the official blueprint, not broad filler content.
Cross-check practice against exam expectations
We review practice content against the framework and real exam patterns so preparation stays targeted.
Review and update as standards change
When official frameworks change, we review guides and update alignment as needed.
Reviewed by subject-matter experts and maintained to reflect current standards.
Why 240 Is Better Than Other Generic Study Guides
Not all study guides are built the same way. Here is what separates a test-aligned guide from a generic one — and why it matters when you are preparing for the MTEL General Curriculum Subtest 2.
Generic prep
- Covers broad subject areas without structure
- No clear connection to the official exam framework
- Practice questions may not reflect the real test format
- May not update when official standards change
- Can be helpful for quick, broad review
240 test-aligned MTEL 278 prep
- Every lesson maps to an official domain or competency
- Built directly from the official exam framework
- Practice questions aligned to what the exam actually measures
- A clear study path by tested category
- Study smarter and enter test day more prepared
FAQs About the MTEL General Curriculum Subtest 2 Study Guide
The questions teacher candidates ask us most often about the MTEL General Curriculum Subtest 2 study guide.
Is 240 a good study guide for MTEL General Curriculum Subtest 2?
240 is a strong option because the guide is built around the official exam framework and shows detailed alignment by SMR and competency.
How closely does 240 align to the MTEL 278 exam?
This guide is 96% aligned based on a competency-by-competency review of the official framework and the study resources included in the guide.
Does 240 cover every competency?
This page shows coverage transparently across covered, partially covered, and identified gaps so candidates can see exactly how the guide maps to the exam.
What does “partially covered” mean?
Partially covered means the guide addresses the core parts of a competency, but some depth or subtopics may still be limited.