Coverage by content domain
Lessons and questions are organized around the exam’s content areas so your preparation reflects the structure of the assessment.
Why Test Alignment Matters for Your FTCE Biology 6–12 Study Guide
Certification test standards are broad, but the exam questions are very specific. Our team of curriculum experts uses the 240 Study Guide Creation Process to ensure the most aligned, specific content for your FTCE Biology 6–12 (002) test — so you are not wasting time on broad subject review that may not show up on exam day.
Why 240 is the best choice for the FTCE 002 study guide
- Built around the official exam framework
- Organized by the competencies actually used on the exam
- Shows exactly what is covered and where depth is partial
- Includes aligned questions, flashcards, study materials, and videos
- Helps candidates study what is actually tested instead of broad generic content
Transparent coverage is a strength. We show where the guide is strong, where depth is partial, and where a gap has been identified so you can make an informed study decision.
How to Read This Alignment Review
10Domains
110Competencies reviewed
87%Test-aligned
83Covered
25Partially covered
2Gaps
- CoveredCompetency is comprehensively supported by the guide.
- Partially coveredCore content is covered, but some depth gaps remain.
- Coverage gap identifiedA content gap has been identified.
This study guide is based on the current official exam framework. We review and update alignment whenever the official framework changes so candidates are always studying current, accurate material.
Knowledge of the investigative processes of science (Domain 1)Partially covered
250 questions · 27 materials · 139 cards · 6 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Identify components, proper use, and care of light microscopes. | S.Microscopes | Partially covered | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 2. Distinguish between the types of microscopy (e.g., scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, phase contrast) and their applications. | S.Microscopes - Types | Partially covered | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (2 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 3. Identify proper techniques for common laboratory procedures (e.g., dissecting; preserving, staining, and mounting microscope specimens; preparing laboratory solutions; using chromatography; performing gel electrophoresis). | S.Prepping for Lab - Biology Samples; S.Prepping for Lab - Mixing Concentrations; S.Scientific Lab Techniques | Covered | 11 | 3 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (11 questions, 3 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
| 4. Identify proper techniques for field studies (e.g., site selection, sampling, transects, collecting techniques, environmental measurements). | S.Non-Experimental Investigations - Field Studies | Partially covered | 1 | 1 | 7 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (1 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 5. Select appropriate uses of common laboratory procedures (e.g., polymerase chain reaction, chromatography, spectrophotometry, centrifugation, gel electrophoresis). | S.Scientific Lab Techniques | Covered | 4 | 1 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
| 6. Calculate measurements in the appropriate metric units. | M.Converting Units - Proportional Reasoning; S.Metric System; S.Converting Units - Dimensional Analysis | Covered | 42 | 3 | 7 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (42 questions, 3 materials, 7 cards, 2 videos). |
| 7. Differentiate between assumptions, inferences, observations, hypotheses, conclusions, theories, and laws. | S.Prediction, Explanation, Theory, Fact; S.Observation vs Inference | Covered | 10 | 2 | 8 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (10 questions, 2 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos). |
| 8. Interpret empirical data (e.g., charts, graphs, tables, diagrams). | S.Read Scientific Publication; M.Boxplots | Covered | 14 | 2 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (14 questions, 2 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
| 9. Differentiate the characteristics and methodologies of scientific and nonscientific knowledge. | S.Limits of Science; S.Scientific Method | Covered | 26 | 2 | 9 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (26 questions, 2 materials, 9 cards, 1 videos). |
| 10. Identify relationships between the variables and possible outcomes of a specific experiment. | S.Experimental Investigations | Covered | 25 | 1 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (25 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| 11. Relate the validity and reliability of scientific knowledge to reproducibility, statistical significance, technological limitations, bias, and types of error. | S.Nature of Science; S.Repeatability; S.Error In Measurements | Covered | 34 | 3 | 11 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (34 questions, 3 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos). |
| 12. Identify the development of biological theories and knowledge through important historical events, creative endeavors of diverse individuals, and experimental evidence. | S.Key History of Science; S.Famous Experiments | Covered | 23 | 2 | 60 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (23 questions, 2 materials, 60 cards, 0 videos). |
| 13. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative data in experimental, observational, and modeling methods of research. | S.Best Chart for the Data; S.Proper Data Analysis; S.Trend Analysis of Scatterplots; S.Data Analysis of Slopes | Covered | 29 | 3 | 14 | 0 | Covered by 4 topics (29 questions, 3 materials, 14 cards, 0 videos). |
| 14. Determine the elements of a well-designed and controlled experiment. | S.Experimental Investigations | Covered | 25 | 1 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (25 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| 15. Identify evidence of the dynamic nature of science in the face of new scientific information. | S.Nature of Science | Covered | 10 | 1 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| 16. Identify patterns (e.g., circadian rhythms, migration, succession, cycles) at the level of organisms, populations, or ecosystems that govern the occurrence of natural events. | S.Systems Model; S.Change In Systems; S.Circadian Rhythm | Covered | 28 | 3 | 12 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (28 questions, 3 materials, 12 cards, 1 videos). |
Knowledge of the interactions between science, technology, and society (Domain 2)Partially covered
103 questions · 12 materials · 24 cards · 1 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Analyze the ethical, legal, economic, and social implications of current scientific research and practices (e.g., reproductive and life-sustaining technologies, genetic basis for behavior, population growth and control, government and business influences on biotechnology, cloning, genomics, genetic engineering). | S.Ethics; S.Ethics and Regulation; S.Decision Making | Covered | 21 | 3 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (21 questions, 3 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| 2. Analyze environmental challenges (e.g., ozone depletion, pollution, climate change, health effects) that may result from scientific and technological advances. | S.Decision Making; S.Human Populations Impact the Earth; S.Types of Power Sources | Covered | 36 | 3 | 8 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (36 questions, 3 materials, 8 cards, 0 videos). |
| 3. Analyze the effects (e.g., multidrug resistance, rapid transmission across international boundaries) of globalization on the spread and treatment of pathogens and invasive species. | S.Modern Epidemiology | Partially covered | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 4. Identify pertinent legislation and national guidelines (e.g., National Association of Biology Teachers, International Society of Environmental Forensics, Occupational Safety and Health Administration chemical safety guidelines, material safety data sheets) regarding laboratory safety, hazardous materials, experimentation, and the use and handling of organisms in the classroom. | S.Safety Rules; S.Emergency Procedures; S.Safety Icons; S.Safety Organizations; S.Proper Handling - Chemicals; S.Proper Handling - Organisms Legal Codes; S.Safety Rules - Biology | Covered | 56 | 6 | 11 | 1 | Covered by 7 topics (56 questions, 6 materials, 11 cards, 1 videos). |
Knowledge of the chemical processes of living things (Domain 3)Partially covered
118 questions · 20 materials · 61 cards · 3 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Identify the structures, functions, and importance of inorganic and organic compounds (e.g., water, mineral salts, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) in cells. | S.Carbon-Based Life; S.Elements Used in Life; S.Macromolecules; S.Macromolecules - Form and Function | Covered | 31 | 4 | 11 | 1 | Covered by 4 topics (31 questions, 4 materials, 11 cards, 1 videos). |
| 2. Apply the laws of thermodynamics to living systems, including the role of enzymes in biological reactions. | S.Enzymes | Partially covered | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 3. Predict the effects of changes in pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration on reaction rate. | S.Equilibrium | Covered | 7 | 1 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| 4. Identify substrates, products, and relationships in aerobic respiration (e.g., glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, electron transport), including metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids, and in anaerobic respiration (e.g., alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation). | S.Respiration; S.Citric Acid Cycle | Covered | 16 | 2 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (16 questions, 2 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
| 5. Compare end products and energy yields of anaerobic and aerobic respiration. | S.Respiration - Aerobic vs Anaerobic | Covered | 10 | 1 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
| 6. Identify the raw materials and products of C3 photosynthesis, as well as factors that affect the rate of light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. | S.Photosynthesis; S.Photosynthesis Reactions | Covered | 16 | 2 | 8 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (16 questions, 2 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos). |
| 7. Identify key differences between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis, and the evolutionary and ecological significance of these pathways. | S.Photosynthesis - C3 vs C4 vs CAM | Partially covered | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (1 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 8. Analyze the role of chemiosmosis in photosynthesis and respiration. | S.Chemiosmosis | Partially covered | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 9. Compare heterotrophy and autotrophy and the roles of these processes in the environment. | S.Roles In Food Chain | Covered | 17 | 1 | 8 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos). |
| 10. Evaluate the components and roles of the antigen-antibody reaction. | S.Immune Systems | Covered | 8 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| 11. Compare active and passive immunity. | S.Immune Systems | Covered | 8 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| 12. Evaluate the roles of cell recognition (e.g., cell-to-cell signaling, autoimmune diseases, tissue rejection, cancer, pollen or stigma-style interaction) in normal and abnormal cell activity. | S.Cell Recognition Systems | Partially covered | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 13. Identify the effect of environmental factors on the biochemistry of living things (e.g., ultraviolet light effects on melanin and vitamin D production). | S.Vitamins; S.Cancer Causes | Partially covered | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | Partial coverage by 2 topics (1 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 14. Identify the roles of ATP and ADP in cellular processes. | S.Respiration - Aerobic vs Anaerobic | Covered | 10 | 1 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
| 15. Compare chemosynthetic and photosynthetic processes and the roles of organisms using these processes in the ecosystem. | S.Photosynthesis vs Chemosynthesis | Partially covered | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 16. Identify cell-to-cell communication (e.g., electrical, chemical) in living things. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
| 17. Identify specific and nonspecific immune responses to vaccines and inoculations. | S.Vaccines | Partially covered | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
Knowledge of the interactions between cell structure and cell function (Domain 4)Partially covered
142 questions · 13 materials · 93 cards · 3 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Identify the major scientists and events that contributed to the development of the cell theory. | S.Famous Experiments | Partially covered | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 2. Distinguish between the major structural characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. | S.Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic; S.Cell Theory; S.Types of Cells | Covered | 24 | 3 | 16 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (24 questions, 3 materials, 16 cards, 1 videos). |
| 3. Relate the structure of cell organelles to their functions. | S.Parts of the Cell | Covered | 27 | 1 | 14 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (27 questions, 1 materials, 14 cards, 1 videos). |
| 4. Differentiate the events of each phase of the cell cycle (e.g., G1, S, G2, M) and the regulatory mechanisms of the cycle. | S.The Cell Cycle; S.The Cell Cycle - Regulations and Cancer | Covered | 11 | 2 | 7 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (11 questions, 2 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos). |
| 5. Compare the mechanisms and results of nuclear division (i.e., karyokinesis) and cell division (i.e., cytokinesis) in plant and animal cells. | S.Mitosis; S.Mitosis - Plant vs Animal | Covered | 13 | 2 | 18 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (13 questions, 2 materials, 18 cards, 0 videos). |
| 6. Compare characteristics of the major taxa (e.g., domains, kingdoms, phyla), including cellular characteristics. | S.Major Groups of Eukaryotic Life; S.Major Groups of Bacterial Life | Covered | 40 | 2 | 27 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (40 questions, 2 materials, 27 cards, 0 videos). |
| 7. Evaluate the relationships between the structures and functions of cell membrane components. | S.Cellular Features - Form and Function | Covered | 10 | 1 | 10 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos). |
| 8. Compare active and passive cellular transport mechanisms. | S.Membrane Transport - Advanced | Covered | 12 | 1 | 13 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 13 cards, 1 videos). |
Knowledge of genetic principles, processes, and applications (Domain 5)Partially covered
150 questions · 18 materials · 100 cards · 2 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Evaluate the relationships between structure and function in nucleic acids. | S.Roles of DNA | Partially covered | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (2 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 2. Sequence the principal events of DNA replication. | S.DNA Replication | Covered | 9 | 1 | 8 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (9 questions, 1 materials, 8 cards, 0 videos). |
| 3. Sequence the principal events of protein synthesis. | S.Transcription; S.Translation | Covered | 16 | 2 | 10 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (16 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos). |
| 4. Distinguish between the functions of DNA and RNA. | S.Structure of DNA and RNA | Covered | 12 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
| 5. Distinguish between the regulatory systems for prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis. | S.Protein Synthesis - Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic | Partially covered | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 6. Identify proper techniques for recombinant DNA technology (e.g., Southern blotting, creation of transgenic organisms, gene splicing, mitochondrial DNA isolation). | S.Genetic Research - Techniques | Covered | 4 | 1 | 13 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 13 cards, 0 videos). |
| 7. Evaluate possible effects of environmental and genetic influences (e.g., viruses, oncogenes, carcinogenic agents, mutagenic agents, epigenetic factors) on gene structure and expression. | S.Epigenetics; S.Types of Mutations - Environmental | Covered | 9 | 2 | 11 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (9 questions, 2 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos). |
| 8. Analyze the processes and products of meiosis in plants, animals, and fungi. | S.Meiosis | Covered | 11 | 1 | 15 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 15 cards, 0 videos). |
| 9. Identify Mendelian laws of inheritance, their relationship to chromosomes, and related terminology. | S.Dominant vs Recessive | Covered | 11 | 1 | 8 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos). |
| 10. Analyze applications of probability and statistical analysis (e.g., chi square, Punnett square) in genetics. | S.Punnett Squares; S.Punnett Squares - Dihybrid Crosses | Covered | 29 | 2 | 8 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (29 questions, 2 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos). |
| 11. Analyze various patterns of inheritance (e.g., sex-linked, sex-influenced, sex-limited, incomplete dominance, codominance, autosomal linkage, multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance). | S.Non-Mendelian Inheritance; S.Non-Mendelian Inheritance - Linkage | Covered | 16 | 2 | 11 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (16 questions, 2 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos). |
| 12. Identify the causes of genetic disorders (e.g., point mutation, nondisjunction, aneuploidy, translocation, deletion, insertion, inversion, duplication). | S.Mutations; S.Types of Mutations - Sequence; S.Common Human Mutations | Covered | 31 | 3 | 18 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (31 questions, 3 materials, 18 cards, 0 videos). |
| 13. Identify the effect of a mutation in a DNA sequence on the products of protein synthesis. | S.Types of Mutations - Sequence | Covered | 9 | 1 | 13 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (9 questions, 1 materials, 13 cards, 0 videos). |
Knowledge of the structural and functional diversity of viruses and prokaryotic organisms (Domain 6)Partially covered
66 questions · 6 materials · 52 cards · 0 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Distinguish the structure and function of viruses and prokaryotic organisms. | S.Viruses | Covered | 7 | 1 | 7 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos). |
| 2. Identify the effects of viruses (e.g., AIDS, influenza, measles, feline leukemia, some human cancers) and prokaryotes (e.g., tuberculosis, bubonic plague, cholera) on organisms. | S.Infectious Agents; PE.Common Diseases | Covered | 43 | 2 | 27 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (43 questions, 2 materials, 27 cards, 0 videos). |
| 3. Relate the structures and functions (e.g., morphology, motility, reproduction and growth, metabolic diversity) of prokaryotes to their behavior and identification. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
| 4. Differentiate the major types of bacterial genetic recombination (i.e., transduction, transformation, conjugation). | S.Bacteria Genetic Transfer | Covered | 7 | 1 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
| 5. Relate microbial processes and products to their uses in biotechnology. | S.Genetic Research - Techniques; S.Genetic Research - Agriculture | Covered | 9 | 2 | 14 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (9 questions, 2 materials, 14 cards, 0 videos). |
Knowledge of the structural and functional diversity of protists, fungi, and plants (Domain 7)Partially covered
108 questions · 11 materials · 61 cards · 2 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Identify major types of protists, fungi, and plants. | S.Major Groups of Eukaryotic Life; S.Types of Plants | Covered | 38 | 2 | 24 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (38 questions, 2 materials, 24 cards, 0 videos). |
| 2. Identify the positive and negative effects of protists, fungi, and plants on other living things. | S.Major Groups of Eukaryotic Life | Covered | 32 | 1 | 20 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (32 questions, 1 materials, 20 cards, 0 videos). |
| 3. Relate the structures of specialized plant tissues to their functions. | S.Plant Systems - Cross Sections | Covered | 7 | 1 | 11 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos). |
| 4. Relate the characteristics of vascular and nonvascular plants to adaptations allowing these organisms to broaden their ecological niches. | S.Vascular vs Nonvascular Plants; S.Major Biomes - Plant Adaptations | Covered | 19 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (19 questions, 2 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos). |
| 5. Identify the functions of the major organs of angiosperms and gymnosperms and the survival advantages associated with those organs. | S.Plant Systems Basics; S.Vascular vs Nonvascular Plants; S.Major Biomes - Plant Adaptations | Covered | 36 | 3 | 5 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (36 questions, 3 materials, 5 cards, 1 videos). |
| 6. Compare the structures of monocots and dicots (e.g., seeds, vascular bundles, venation, flower parts). | S.Monocots vs Dicots | Partially covered | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 7. Relate the major mechanisms (e.g., transport, storage, water conservation, reproduction, transpiration) in plants to environmental stimuli. | S.Plant Systems Basics; S.Plant Transportation; S.Plant Regulation - Advanced | Covered | 27 | 3 | 9 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (27 questions, 3 materials, 9 cards, 2 videos). |
| 8. Analyze the role of major plant growth regulators (e.g., auxins, gibberellins, ethylene). | S.Plant Regulation - Advanced | Partially covered | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 9. Identify methods of reproduction in plants. | S.Plant Reproduction | Covered | 15 | 1 | 16 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (15 questions, 1 materials, 16 cards, 0 videos). |
| 10. Analyze patterns of alternation of generations in plants, fungi, and algae. | S.Plant Reproduction - Alternation of Generations | Partially covered | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (2 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
Knowledge of the structural and functional diversity of animals (Domain 8)Partially covered
130 questions · 19 materials · 97 cards · 3 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Relate the structures of animal tissue types (e.g., epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous) to their functions. | S.Types of Cells - Muscle and Epithelial | Partially covered | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 2. Characterize major animal body plans (e.g., symmetry, coelomic character, embryonic origin). | S.Animal Body Plans | Partially covered | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 3. Identify the stages, sequence, and processes of differentiation in embryological development for representative animal phyla. | S.Animal Body Plans - Embryological Development | Partially covered | 1 | 1 | 8 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (1 questions, 1 materials, 8 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 4. Relate the structures of circulatory and lymphatic systems to their functions. | S.Internal Transport | Covered | 5 | 1 | 7 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos). |
| 5. Relate the structures of excretory and digestive systems to their functions. | S.Digestion and Excretory; S.Nutrition | Covered | 12 | 2 | 15 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (12 questions, 2 materials, 15 cards, 0 videos). |
| 6. Relate the structures of endocrine and nervous systems to their functions. | S.Control Systems | Covered | 6 | 1 | 7 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos). |
| 7. Relate the structures of integumentary and musculoskeletal systems to their functions. | S.Movement and Support | Covered | 6 | 1 | 7 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos). |
| 8. Relate the structures of reproductive systems to their functions. | S.Reproduction and Development | Covered | 8 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| 9. Relate the structures of respiratory systems to their functions. | S.Exchange | Covered | 5 | 1 | 7 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos). |
| 10. Analyze how body systems contribute to the human immune response. | S.Immune Systems | Covered | 8 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| 11. Analyze the interconnectedness of animal organ systems. | S.Human Body Systems | Covered | 25 | 1 | 11 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (25 questions, 1 materials, 11 cards, 1 videos). |
| 12. Analyze the effects of positive and negative feedback loops in human systems (e.g., vertebrate hormones, fight or flight). | S.Positive and Negative Feedback; S.Structures and Processes of Homeostasis - Advanced | Covered | 12 | 2 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (12 questions, 2 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
| 13. Identify aspects of animal social behavior (e.g., communication and signals, dominance hierarchy, territoriality, aggression, courtship, innate and learned behavior). | S.Stimuli; S.Stimuli - Mediating Factors; S.Competition; S.Advanced Animal Behavior; S.Learned vs Inherited | Covered | 38 | 5 | 28 | 2 | Covered by 5 topics (38 questions, 5 materials, 28 cards, 2 videos). |
Knowledge of ecological principles and processes (Domain 9)Partially covered
211 questions · 21 materials · 72 cards · 9 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Distinguish between individuals, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere. | S.Ecological Organization | Covered | 10 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| 2. Analyze the relationship between organisms (e.g., producers, consumers, decomposers) and their trophic levels. | S.Habitats and Niches; S.Roles In Food Chain; S.Food Webs | Covered | 48 | 3 | 18 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (48 questions, 3 materials, 18 cards, 2 videos). |
| 3. Identify processes, components, and roles of organisms in the hydrologic, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles. | S.Water Cycle; S.Carbon Cycle; S.Nitrogen Cycle; S.Phosphorus Cycle | Covered | 52 | 4 | 18 | 3 | Covered by 4 topics (52 questions, 4 materials, 18 cards, 3 videos). |
| 4. Analyze patterns of energy flow in an ecosystem. | S.Food Webs | Covered | 24 | 1 | 14 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (24 questions, 1 materials, 14 cards, 1 videos). |
| 5. Evaluate factors that affect population composition, growth, size, and geographic distribution. | S.Environment as a Pressure; S.Wildlife Impact on Ecosystems; S.Growth Factors; S.Growth Factors - Advanced; S.Density Factors and Patterns | Covered | 32 | 5 | 18 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (32 questions, 5 materials, 18 cards, 1 videos). |
| 6. Classify examples of species interactions (e.g., competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism). | S.Types of Relationships | Covered | 19 | 1 | 5 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (19 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 1 videos). |
| 7. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession in biotic communities. | S.Ecological Succession | Covered | 8 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
| 8. Analyze the costs and benefits of managing renewable and nonrenewable resources. | S.Renewable vs Nonrenewable | Covered | 17 | 1 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
| 9. Evaluate the effects of human population size, resource use, and technology on environmental quality. | S.Human Influences on Climate; S.Major Biomes - Florida; S.Human Impact on Ecosystems; S.Human Impact on Ecosystems - Florida | Covered | 19 | 4 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 4 topics (19 questions, 4 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| 10. Evaluate the consequences of loss of biodiversity. | S.Effect of Biodiversity Changes | Partially covered | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 11. Characterize the biotic and abiotic components that define Florida's ecosystems (e.g., freshwater, marine, estuary, terrestrial). | S.Growth Factors | Covered | 12 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
Knowledge of evolutionary mechanisms (Domain 10)Partially covered
124 questions · 21 materials · 66 cards · 1 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Compare the current theory of evolution by natural selection with previous scientific theories of evolution (e.g., Lamarck, Darwin). | S.Previous Evolution Theories; S.Natural Selection | Covered | 18 | 2 | 3 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos). |
| 2. Analyze exceptions to and limitations of the biological species concept. | S.Species | Partially covered | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (1 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 3. Compare systems of classification (e.g., classical taxonomy, phenetics, cladistics). | S.Taxonomical Systems; S.Cladograms | Covered | 8 | 2 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (8 questions, 2 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| 4. Apply a taxonomic (e.g., dichotomous) key to a set of objects. | S.Dichotomous Keys | Partially covered | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 5. Analyze variation within a species along an environmental cline. | S.Species - Clines | Partially covered | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 6. Identify factors affecting speciation (e.g., mutation, recombination, types of isolation, sexual reproduction and selection, genetic drift, plate tectonics, geographic distribution). | S.Genetic Isolation and Speciation; S.Other Causes of Speciation | Covered | 9 | 2 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (9 questions, 2 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
| 7. Evaluate the roles of mutation, recombination, isolation, sexual reproduction and selection, genetic drift, plate tectonics, and geographic distribution in evolution. | S.Types of Selection; S.Macroevolution Methods; S.Macroevolution Methods - Advanced; S.Other Causes of Speciation; S.Reproductive Isolation; S.Ecological Separation | Covered | 32 | 6 | 30 | 0 | Covered by 6 topics (32 questions, 6 materials, 30 cards, 0 videos). |
| 8. Compare the concepts of punctuated equilibrium and gradualism. | S.Macroevolution Methods | Covered | 11 | 1 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| 9. Interpret examples of evidence for evolutionary theory (e.g., molecular, morphological, embryological, paleontological). | S.Macroevolution Evidence; S.Macroevolution Evidence - Advanced | Covered | 18 | 2 | 10 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos). |
| 10. Analyze aspects of modern scientific theories (e.g., primitive precell, endosymbiotic) on the origin and early evolution of life on Earth. | S.Evolutionary History - Origin Theories; S.Earth's History - Evolutionary History | Covered | 10 | 2 | 7 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (10 questions, 2 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos). |
| 11. Differentiate patterns of evolutionary change (e.g., coevolution, convergent evolution, divergent evolution, parallel evolution) as they relate to major taxa. | S.Evolution and Taxonomic Systems | Partially covered | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (2 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| 12. Apply the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, using the formula and assumptions, to predict changes in genotypic frequencies in a population. | S.Natural Selection - Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | Covered | 12 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| 13. Identify basic trends in hominid evolution from early ancestors to modern humans. | Human Evolution | Covered | 10 | 1 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
How 240 Creates The FTCE Biology 6–12 (002) Study Guide
Every 240 study guide starts with the official exam framework. From there, we organize lessons, practice, and study tools around the categories the exam uses to measure candidate knowledge.
Review the official exam framework
We begin with the standards, domains, competencies, objectives, or content categories published by the testing authority.
Map the tested categories
We map every major area the exam is designed to cover so the guide reflects the real structure of the test.
Build lessons around tested content
We create study materials to support the official blueprint, not broad filler content.
Cross-check practice against exam expectations
We review practice content against the framework and real exam patterns so preparation stays targeted.
Review and update as standards change
When official frameworks change, we review guides and update alignment as needed.
Reviewed by subject-matter experts and maintained to reflect current standards.
Why 240 Is Better Than Other Generic Study Guides
Not all study guides are built the same way. Here is what separates a test-aligned guide from a generic one — and why it matters when you are preparing for the FTCE Biology 6–12.
Generic prep
- Covers broad subject areas without structure
- No clear connection to the official exam framework
- Practice questions may not reflect the real test format
- May not update when official standards change
- Can be helpful for quick, broad review
240 test-aligned FTCE 002 prep
- Every lesson maps to an official domain or competency
- Built directly from the official exam framework
- Practice questions aligned to what the exam actually measures
- A clear study path by tested category
- Study smarter and enter test day more prepared
FAQs About the FTCE Biology 6–12 Study Guide
The questions teacher candidates ask us most often about the FTCE Biology 6–12 study guide.
Is 240 a good study guide for FTCE Biology 6–12?
240 is a strong option because the guide is built around the official exam framework and shows detailed alignment by SMR and competency.
How closely does 240 align to the FTCE 002 exam?
This guide is 87% aligned based on a competency-by-competency review of the official framework and the study resources included in the guide.
Does 240 cover every competency?
This page shows coverage transparently across covered, partially covered, and identified gaps so candidates can see exactly how the guide maps to the exam.
What does “partially covered” mean?
Partially covered means the guide addresses the core parts of a competency, but some depth or subtopics may still be limited.