Coverage by content domain
Lessons and questions are organized around the exam’s content areas so your preparation reflects the structure of the assessment.
Why Test Alignment Matters for Your TExES Core Subjects 4-8: Science Study Guide
Certification test standards are broad, but the exam questions are very specific. Our team of curriculum experts uses the 240 Study Guide Creation Process to ensure the most aligned, specific content for your TExES Core Subjects 4-8: Science (809) test — so you are not wasting time on broad subject review that may not show up on exam day.
Why 240 is the best choice for the TExES 809 study guide
- Built around the official exam framework
- Organized by the competencies actually used on the exam
- Shows exactly what is covered and where depth is partial
- Includes aligned questions, flashcards, study materials, and videos
- Helps candidates study what is actually tested instead of broad generic content
Transparent coverage is a strength. We show where the guide is strong, where depth is partial, and where a gap has been identified so you can make an informed study decision.
How to Read This Alignment Review
23Domains
132Competencies reviewed
94%Test-aligned
118Covered
12Partially covered
2Gaps
- CoveredCompetency is comprehensively supported by the guide.
- Partially coveredCore content is covered, but some depth gaps remain.
- Coverage gap identifiedA content gap has been identified.
This study guide is based on the current official exam framework. We review and update alignment whenever the official framework changes so candidates are always studying current, accurate material.
The teacher understands how to manage learning activities to ensure the safety of all students. (Domain 001)Covered
50 questions · 4 materials · 11 cards · 1 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands safety regulations and guidelines for science facilities and science instruction. | S.Safety Rules; S.Emergency Procedures | Covered | 33 | 2 | 2 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (33 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Knows procedures for and sources of information regarding the appropriate handling, use, disposal, care and maintenance of chemicals, materials, specimens and equipment. | S.Proper Handling - Chemicals | Covered | 6 | 1 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Knows procedures for the safe handling and ethical care and treatment of organisms and specimens. | S.Proper Handling - Organisms Legal Codes | Covered | 11 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands the correct use of tools, materials, equipment and technologies. (Domain 002)Covered
142 questions · 12 materials · 44 cards · 2 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Selects and safely uses appropriate tools, technologies, materials and equipment needed for instructional activities. | S.Choose Appropriate Equipment; S.Proper Tool Use; S.Various Tools | Covered | 24 | 3 | 24 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (24 questions, 3 materials, 24 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Understands concepts of precision, accuracy and error with regard to reading and recording numerical data from a scientific instrument. | S.Precision vs Accuracy; S.Error In Measurements | Covered | 18 | 2 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Understands how to gather, organize, display and communicate data in a variety of ways (e.g., charts, tables, graphs, diagrams, written reports, oral presentations, maps, satellite views). | M.Graphs and Plots; S.Best Chart for the Data | Covered | 45 | 2 | 10 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (45 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Understands various units of measure such as the International System of Units (SI or metric system), light years and degrees Celsius, and performs unit conversions within measurement systems (e.g., grams to kilograms, meters to millimeters). | S.Metric System; M.Metric System Estimations; S.Temp Conversions; S.Choosing Appropriate SI Units; S.Converting Units - Dimensional Analysis | Covered | 55 | 5 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 5 topics (55 questions, 5 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
The teacher understands the process of scientific inquiry and the history and nature of science. (Domain 003)Partially covered
133 questions · 11 materials · 89 cards · 4 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the characteristics of various types of scientific investigations (e.g., descriptive studies, comparative data analysis, experiments). | S.Experimental Investigations; S.Non-Experimental Investigations | Covered | 32 | 2 | 11 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (32 questions, 2 materials, 11 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Understands how to design, conduct and communicate the results of a variety of scientific investigations. | S.Scientific Method | Covered | 23 | 1 | 8 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (23 questions, 1 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Understands the historical development of science (e.g., cell theory, plate tectonics, laws of motion, universal gravity, atomic theory) and the contributions that diverse cultures and individuals of both genders have made to scientific knowledge. | S.Key History of Science; S.Diversity in Science History | Covered | 22 | 2 | 60 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (22 questions, 2 materials, 60 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Understands the roles that logical reasoning, verifiable evidence, prediction and peer review play in the process of generating and evaluating scientific knowledge. | S.Repeatability; S.Background Research; S.Prediction, Explanation, Theory, Fact | Covered | 24 | 3 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (24 questions, 3 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Understands principles of scientific ethics (e.g., honest and complete reporting of data, informed consent, legal constraints). | S.Ethics | Covered | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos). |
| F. Develops, analyzes and evaluates different explanations for a given scientific result. | S.Repeatability | Covered | 13 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (13 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos). |
| G. Demonstrates an understanding of potential sources of error in an investigation. | S.Error In Measurements | Covered | 11 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| H. Demonstrates an understanding of how to communicate and defend the results of an investigation. | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
| I. Demonstrates an ability to identify, review and evaluate legitimate sources of scientific information. | S.Credible Sources | Covered | 11 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
The teacher understands how science impacts the daily lives of students and interacts with and influences personal and societal decisions. (Domain 004)Covered
63 questions · 4 materials · 7 cards · 1 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands that decisions about the use of science are based on factors such as ethical standards, economics and personal and societal needs. | S.Decision Making | Covered | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Applies scientific principles and the theory of probability to analyze the advantages of, disadvantages of or alternatives to a given decision or course of action. | S.Decision Making | Covered | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Applies scientific principles and processes to analyze factors that influence personal choices concerning fitness and health, including physiological and psychological effects and risks associated with the use of substances and substance abuse. | S.Healthy and Unhealthy Lifestyles | Covered | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (16 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Understands concepts, characteristics and issues related to changes in populations and human population growth. | S.Human Populations Impact the Earth | Covered | 20 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (20 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Understands the types and uses of natural resources and the effects of human consumption on the renewal and depletion of global resources (e.g., energy, sustainability). | S.Renewable vs Nonrenewable | Covered | 17 | 1 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Understands the role science can play in helping resolve personal, societal and global challenges (e.g., water quality, public health, climate change). | S.Human Populations Impact the Earth | Covered | 20 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (20 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher knows and understands the unifying concepts and processes that are common to all sciences. (Domain 005)Covered
87 questions · 7 materials · 21 cards · 1 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands how the following concepts and processes provide a unifying explanatory framework across the science disciplines: systems, order and organization; evidence, models and explanation; change, constancy and measurements; evolution and equilibrium; and form and function. | S.Form and Function; S.Change, Constancy, and Measurements; S.Evidence, Models, and Explanation | Covered | 35 | 3 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (35 questions, 3 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Demonstrates an understanding of how patterns in observations and data can be used to make explanations and predictions. | S.Change, Constancy, and Measurements | Covered | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Analyzes interactions and interrelationships between systems and subsystems. | S.Systems Model; S.Properties of Systems | Covered | 24 | 2 | 9 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (24 questions, 2 materials, 9 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Applies unifying concepts to explore similarities in a variety of natural phenomena. | S.Evidence, Models, and Explanation | Covered | 12 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Understands how properties and patterns of systems can be described in terms of space, time, energy and matter. | S.Systems Model | Covered | 12 | 1 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Understands how change and constancy occur in systems. | S.Change In Systems | Covered | 15 | 1 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (15 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
| G. Understands the complementary nature of form and function in a given system. | S.Form and Function | Covered | 12 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| H. Understands how models are used to represent the natural world and how to evaluate the strengths and limitations of a variety of scientific models (e.g., physical, conceptual, mathematical). | S.Models | Covered | 13 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (13 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands forces and motion and their relationships. (Domain 006)Covered
105 questions · 9 materials · 48 cards · 3 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Demonstrates an understanding of properties of universal forces (e.g., gravitational, electrical, magnetic). | S.Gravity; S.Electromagnetic Forces | Covered | 18 | 2 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Understands how to measure, graph and describe changes in motion using concepts of displacement, velocity and acceleration. | S.Motion Terms; S.Motion Graphs | Covered | 38 | 2 | 11 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (38 questions, 2 materials, 11 cards, 2 videos). |
| C. Understands the vector nature of force. | S.Force Vectors and Diagrams | Covered | 10 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Identifies the forces acting on an object and applies Newton’s laws to describe the motion of an object. | S.Force and Newton's Laws | Covered | 29 | 1 | 12 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (29 questions, 1 materials, 12 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Analyzes the relationship between force and motion in a variety of situations (e.g., simple machines, blood flow, geologic processes). | S.Geological Processes and Force; S.Biological Processes and Force; S.Simple Machines - Advanced | Covered | 10 | 3 | 24 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (10 questions, 3 materials, 24 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands physical properties of and changes in matter. (Domain 007)Covered
96 questions · 9 materials · 67 cards · 5 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes the physical properties of substances (e.g., density, boiling point, solubility, thermal and electrical conductivity). | S.Physical Properties; S.Electrical Conductor vs Insulator; S.Thermal Conductor vs Insulator | Covered | 22 | 3 | 26 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (22 questions, 3 materials, 26 cards, 2 videos). |
| B. Describes the physical properties and molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases. | S.States of Matter; S.Phase Changes | Covered | 31 | 2 | 10 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (31 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 2 videos). |
| C. Describes the relationship between the molecular structure of materials (e.g., metals, crystals, polymers) and their physical properties. | S.Molecular Structure of Materials Affecting Physical Properties | Covered | 6 | 1 | 19 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 19 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Relates the physical properties of an element to its placement in the periodic table. | S.Periodic Table and Physical Properties | Covered | 11 | 1 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Distinguishes between physical and chemical changes in matter. | S.Chemical vs Physical Changes | Covered | 18 | 1 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (18 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Applies knowledge of physical properties of and changes in matter to processes and situations that occur in life science and in Earth/space science (e.g., evaporation, changes in air pressure). | S.Applications of Physical and Chemical Properties | Covered | 8 | 1 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands chemical properties of and changes in matter. (Domain 008)Covered
130 questions · 12 materials · 81 cards · 2 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes the structure and components of the atom. | S.Parts of an Atom | Covered | 11 | 1 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Distinguishes among elements, mixtures and compounds and describes their properties. | S.Atoms and Molecules; S.Elements and Compounds; S.Mixtures and Solutions | Covered | 31 | 3 | 13 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (31 questions, 3 materials, 13 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Relates the chemical properties of an element to its placement in the periodic table. | S.Chemical Properties; S.Periodic Table and Chemical Properties | Covered | 30 | 2 | 16 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (30 questions, 2 materials, 16 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Describes chemical bonds and chemical formulas. | S.Types of Bonds; S.Chemical Formulas | Covered | 27 | 2 | 10 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (27 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Analyzes chemical reactions and their associated chemical equations. | S.Types of Reactions; S.Chemical Equations | Covered | 17 | 2 | 14 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (17 questions, 2 materials, 14 cards, 0 videos). |
| F. Explains the importance of a variety of chemical reactions that occur in daily life (e.g., rusting, burning of fossil fuels, photosynthesis, cell respiration, chemical batteries, digestion of food). | S.Chemical Reactions in Real Life | Covered | 6 | 1 | 22 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 22 cards, 0 videos). |
| G. Understands applications of chemical properties of matter in physical, life and Earth/space science and technology (e.g., materials science, biochemistry, transportation, medicine, telecommunications). | S.Applications of Physical and Chemical Properties | Covered | 8 | 1 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands energy and interactions between matter and energy. (Domain 009)Partially covered
145 questions · 12 materials · 70 cards · 1 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes concepts of work, power and potential and kinetic energy. | S.Work, Energy, Power | Partially covered | 4 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| B. Understands the concept of heat energy and the difference between heat and temperature. | S.Heat vs Temperature | Covered | 11 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Understands the principles of electricity and magnetism and their applications (e.g., electric circuits, motors, audio speakers, nerve impulses, lighting). | S.Electricity and Magnetism; S.Circuits; S.Electromagnets | Covered | 42 | 3 | 26 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (42 questions, 3 materials, 26 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Applies knowledge of types (longitudinal, transverse), properties (e.g., wavelength and frequency) and behaviors (e.g., reflection, refraction, dispersion) to describe a variety of waves (e.g., water, electromagnetic, sound, seismic waves). | S.Properties of Waves; S.Reflection and Refraction | Covered | 32 | 2 | 17 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (32 questions, 2 materials, 17 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Applies knowledge of properties and behaviors of light to describe the function of optical systems and phenomena (e.g., camera, microscope, rainbow, eye). | S.Light; S.Electromagnetic Spectrum; S.Applications of Waves - Optical Technologies; S.Applications of Waves - Medical Technologies | Covered | 24 | 4 | 15 | 0 | Covered by 4 topics (24 questions, 4 materials, 15 cards, 0 videos). |
| F. Demonstrates an understanding of the properties, production and transmission of sound. | S.Sound | Covered | 32 | 1 | 9 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (32 questions, 1 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands energy transformations and the conservation of matter and energy. (Domain 010)Partially covered
89 questions · 10 materials · 31 cards · 2 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes the processes that generate energy in the sun and other stars. | S.Fusion | Partially covered | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| B. Applies the law of conservation of matter to analyze a variety of situations (e.g., the water cycle, food chains, decomposition, balancing chemical equations). | S.Conservation of Matter and Energy; S.Applications of Conservation of Matter - Conceptual | Covered | 14 | 2 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (14 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Describes sources of electrical energy and processes of energy transformation for human uses (e.g., fossil fuels, solar panels, hydroelectric plants). | S.Types of Power Sources; S.Types of Energy; S.Types of Energy Transfers By Humans | Covered | 42 | 3 | 23 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (42 questions, 3 materials, 23 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Understands exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions and their applications (e.g., hot and cold packs, energy content of food). | S.Endothermic vs Exothermic | Covered | 12 | 1 | 3 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Applies knowledge of energy concepts in a variety of situations (e.g., the production of heat, light, sound and magnetic effects by electrical energy; the process of photosynthesis; weather processes; food webs; food/energy pyramids). | None | Coverage gap identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | No matching topic found in the study guide. |
| F. Applies the law of conservation of energy to analyze a variety of physical phenomena (e.g., specific heat, heat transfer, thermal equilibrium, nuclear reactions, efficiency of simple machines, collisions). | S.Applications of Conservation of Energy - Conceptual | Partially covered | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| G. Understands applications of energy transformations and the conservation of matter and energy in life and Earth/space science. | S.Types of Energy Transfers in Ecology; S.Types of Energy Transfers in Space | Covered | 10 | 2 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (10 questions, 2 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands the structure and function of living things. (Domain 011)Covered
145 questions · 9 materials · 82 cards · 6 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes characteristics of organisms from the major taxonomic groups. | S.Major Groups of Eukaryotic Life | Covered | 32 | 1 | 20 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (32 questions, 1 materials, 20 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Analyzes how structure complements function in cells. | S.Parts of the Cell; S.Types of Cells | Covered | 35 | 2 | 22 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (35 questions, 2 materials, 22 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Analyzes how structure complements function in tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms. | S.Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems | Covered | 11 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Identifies human body systems and describes their functions. | S.Human Body Systems | Covered | 25 | 1 | 11 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (25 questions, 1 materials, 11 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Describes how organisms obtain and use energy and matter. | S.Requirements of Life; S.Respiration; S.Photosynthesis | Covered | 29 | 3 | 18 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (29 questions, 3 materials, 18 cards, 2 videos). |
| F. Describes the composition, structure and function of the basic chemical components (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids) of living things. | S.Macromolecules | Covered | 13 | 1 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (13 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
The teacher understands reproduction and the mechanisms of heredity (Domain 012)Partially covered
103 questions · 12 materials · 38 cards · 2 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Compares and contrasts sexual and asexual reproduction. | S.Asexual Reproduction; S.Sexual Reproduction | Covered | 23 | 2 | 10 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (23 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Understands the organization of hereditary material (e.g., DNA, genes, chromosomes). | S.Structure of DNA and RNA; S.Organization of DNA | Covered | 17 | 2 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (17 questions, 2 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Describes how an inherited trait can be determined by one or many genes and how more than one trait can be influenced by a single gene. | S.Relationship Between Genes and Traits; S.Non-Mendelian Inheritance | Covered | 16 | 2 | 10 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (16 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Distinguishes between dominant and recessive alleles and predicts the probable outcomes of genetic combinations (i.e., genotypes and phenotypes). | S.Dominant vs Recessive; S.Punnett Squares | Covered | 32 | 2 | 9 | 2 | Covered by 2 topics (32 questions, 2 materials, 9 cards, 2 videos). |
| E. Evaluates the influence of environmental and genetic factors on the traits of an organism. | S.Environmental vs Genetic | Partially covered | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (2 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| F. Describes current applications of genetic research (e.g., related to cloning, reproduction, health, industry, agriculture). | S.Artificial Selection; S.Genetic Research; S.Genetic Research - Agriculture | Covered | 13 | 3 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (13 questions, 3 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands adaptations of organisms and the theory of evolution. (Domain 013)Covered
99 questions · 6 materials · 34 cards · 2 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes similarities and differences among various taxonomical groups and methods of classifying organisms. | S.Major Groups of Eukaryotic Life | Covered | 32 | 1 | 20 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (32 questions, 1 materials, 20 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Describes adaptations in a population or species that enhance its survival and reproductive success. | S.Adaptations | Covered | 14 | 1 | 3 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (14 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Describes how populations and species may evolve through time. | S.Natural Selection; S.Populations Change (Not Individuals) | Covered | 28 | 2 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (28 questions, 2 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Applies knowledge of the mechanisms and processes of biological evolution (e.g., diversity, variation, mutation, environmental factors, natural selection). | S.Mutations; S.Natural Selection | Covered | 27 | 2 | 5 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (27 questions, 2 materials, 5 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Describes evidence that supports the theory of evolution of life on Earth. | S.Macroevolution Evidence | Covered | 16 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (16 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands regulatory mechanisms and behavior. (Domain 014)Partially covered
70 questions · 7 materials · 14 cards · 2 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Describes how organisms respond to internal and external stimuli. | S.Stimuli; S.Plant Stimuli Responses; S.Animal Stimuli Responses | Covered | 15 | 3 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 3 topics (15 questions, 3 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Applies knowledge of structures and physiological processes that maintain stable internal conditions (homeostasis). | S.Homeostasis; S.Structures and Processes of Homeostasis | Covered | 36 | 2 | 2 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (36 questions, 2 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Demonstrates an understanding of feedback mechanisms that allow organisms to maintain stable internal conditions. | S.Positive and Negative Feedback | Partially covered | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| D. Understands how evolutionary history of a species affects behavior (e.g., migration, nocturnality, territoriality). | S.Adaptations | Covered | 14 | 1 | 3 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (14 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos). |
The teacher understands the relationships between organisms and the environment. (Domain 015)Partially covered
96 questions · 8 materials · 35 cards · 4 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Identifies the abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem. | S.Growth Factors | Covered | 12 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Analyzes the interrelationships among producers, consumers and decomposers in an ecosystem. | S.Roles In Food Chain; S.Food Webs; S.Types of Relationships | Covered | 60 | 3 | 20 | 3 | Covered by 3 topics (60 questions, 3 materials, 20 cards, 3 videos). |
| C. Identifies factors that influence the size of populations in an ecosystem (e.g., limiting factors, growth rate). | S.Growth Factors; S.Environment as a Pressure | Covered | 15 | 2 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (15 questions, 2 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Analyzes adaptive characteristics that result in a population’s or species’ unique niche in an ecosystem. | S.Habitats and Niches | Partially covered | 7 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| E. Describes and analyzes energy flow through various types of ecosystems. | S.Food Webs | Covered | 24 | 1 | 14 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (24 questions, 1 materials, 14 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Knows how populations or species modify and affect ecosystems. | S.Wildlife Impact on Ecosystems; S.Ecological Succession | Covered | 14 | 2 | 5 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (14 questions, 2 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands the structure and function of Earth systems. (Domain 016)Covered
145 questions · 10 materials · 53 cards · 4 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the composition and structure of Earth (mantle, crust and core) and analyzes constructive and destructive processes that produce geologic change (e.g., plate tectonics, weathering, erosion, deposition). | S.Structures of Earth; S.Advanced Structures of Earth; S.Constructive and Destructive Processes | Covered | 49 | 3 | 24 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (49 questions, 3 materials, 24 cards, 2 videos). |
| B. Understands the form and function of surface water and ground water. | S.Surface Water vs Groundwater | Covered | 9 | 1 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (9 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Applies knowledge of the composition and structure of the atmosphere and its properties. | S.Composition and Layers of the Atmosphere | Covered | 20 | 1 | 12 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (20 questions, 1 materials, 12 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Applies knowledge of how human activity and natural processes, both gradual and catastrophic, can alter Earth systems. | S.Effects of Natural Phenomena on Climate; S.Human Influences on Climate; S.Global Warming; S.Ozone Depletion | Covered | 50 | 4 | 10 | 0 | Covered by 4 topics (50 questions, 4 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Identifies the sources of energy (e.g., solar, geothermal) in Earth systems and describes mechanisms of energy transfer (e.g., convection, radiation). | S.Conduction, Convection, and Radiation | Covered | 17 | 1 | 4 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos). |
The teacher understands cycles in Earth systems. (Domain 017)Covered
80 questions · 6 materials · 31 cards · 4 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the rock cycle and how rocks, minerals and soils are formed. | S.Soil; S.Rock Cycle | Covered | 27 | 2 | 12 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (27 questions, 2 materials, 12 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Understands the water cycle and its relationship to weather processes. | S.Water Cycle | Covered | 20 | 1 | 9 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (20 questions, 1 materials, 9 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Understands biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) and their relationship to Earth systems. | S.Carbon Cycle; S.Nitrogen Cycle; S.Oxygen Cycle | Covered | 33 | 3 | 10 | 2 | Covered by 3 topics (33 questions, 3 materials, 10 cards, 2 videos). |
| D. Understands the relationships and interactions that occur among the various cycles in the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. | S.Water Cycle | Covered | 20 | 1 | 9 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (20 questions, 1 materials, 9 cards, 1 videos). |
The teacher understands the role of energy in weather and climate. (Domain 018)Partially covered
52 questions · 6 materials · 31 cards · 2 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the elements of weather (e.g., humidity, wind speed, pressure, temperature) and how they are measured. | S.Weather Tools; S.Weather Points | Covered | 15 | 2 | 11 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (15 questions, 2 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Compares and contrasts weather and climate. | S.Weather vs Climate | Covered | 11 | 1 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Analyzes weather charts and data to make weather predictions (e.g. fronts, pressure systems). | S.Weather Charts | Covered | 13 | 1 | 7 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (13 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Applies knowledge of how transfers of energy among Earth systems affect weather and climate. | S.Uneven Heating of Earth | Partially covered | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 1 videos); limited supporting content. |
| E. Analyzes how Earth’s position, orientation and surface features affect weather and climate (e.g., latitude, altitude, proximity to bodies of water). | S.Uneven Heating of Earth; S.Effects of Land on Climate | Covered | 13 | 2 | 7 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (13 questions, 2 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos). |
The teacher understands the characteristics of the solar system and the universe. (Domain 019)Covered
138 questions · 10 materials · 132 cards · 2 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Applies knowledge of the Earth-Moon-Sun system and resulting phenomena (e.g., seasons, tides, lunar phases, eclipses). | S.Seasons; S.Tides; S.Lunar Cycle; S.Eclipses | Covered | 73 | 4 | 36 | 2 | Covered by 4 topics (73 questions, 4 materials, 36 cards, 2 videos). |
| B. Identifies properties of the components of the solar system. | S.Components of the Solar System; S.The Sun; S.Advanced Solar System Components | Covered | 32 | 3 | 54 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (32 questions, 3 materials, 54 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Recognizes characteristics of stars, nebulas, comets, asteroids and galaxies and knows their distribution in the universe. | S.Properties of Celestial Bodies; S.Star Life Cycle | Covered | 24 | 2 | 29 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (24 questions, 2 materials, 29 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Demonstrates an understanding of evidence for the scientific theories of the origin of the universe. | S.Origin of the Universe | Covered | 9 | 1 | 26 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (9 questions, 1 materials, 26 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher understands the history of the Earth system. (Domain 020)Covered
68 questions · 4 materials · 40 cards · 0 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands dating methods and the geologic time scale as it relates to geologic processes. | S.Earth's History | Covered | 10 | 1 | 13 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 13 cards, 0 videos). |
| B. Demonstrates an understanding of theories about the Earth’s origin and geologic history. | S.Earth's History; S.Earth's History - Key Events | Covered | 18 | 2 | 22 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 22 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Demonstrates an understanding of how tectonic forces have shaped landforms over time. | S.Tectonic Plate Theory | Covered | 30 | 1 | 17 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (30 questions, 1 materials, 17 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Understands the formation of fossils and the importance of the fossil record in explaining the Earth’s history. | S.Formation of Fossils | Covered | 20 | 1 | 3 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (20 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher has theoretical and practical knowledge about teaching science and about how students learn science. (Domain 021)Partially covered
70 questions · 9 materials · 13 cards · 1 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands how the developmental characteristics, prior knowledge and experience and attitudes of students influence science learning. | S.Major Science Instructional Theories | Partially covered | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| B. Selects and adapts science curricula, content, instructional materials, vocabulary and activities to meet the interests, knowledge, understanding, abilities, experiences and needs of all students, including English-language learners. | S.Diversity; S.Differentiation; S.ELL | Covered | 15 | 3 | 4 | 0 | Covered by 3 topics (15 questions, 3 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Understands how to use situations from students’ daily lives to develop instructional materials that investigate how science can be used to make informed decisions. | S.Technology for Real-World Applications | Covered | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos). |
| D. Understands effective ways to address common misconceptions in science. | S.Misconceptions | Covered | 14 | 1 | 2 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (14 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Understands the use of active learning including the appropriate use of inquiry processes for students and other instructional models (e.g., collaborative learning groups). | S.Active Learning | Covered | 12 | 1 | 6 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos). |
| F. Understands questioning strategies designed to elicit higher-level thinking and how to use them to move students from concrete to more abstract understanding. | S.Critical Thinking; S.Activities For Critical Thinking | Covered | 14 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Covered by 2 topics (14 questions, 2 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos). |
| G. Understands the importance of planning activities that are inclusive and accommodate the needs of all students. | S.Diversity | Partially covered | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| H. Understands how to sequence learning activities in a way that allows students to build upon their prior knowledge and challenges them to expand their understanding of science. | S.Major Science Instructional Theories | Partially covered | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
The teacher understands the process of scientific inquiry and its role in science instruction. (Domain 022)Covered
97 questions · 5 materials · 24 cards · 3 videosCovered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Plans and implements instruction that provides opportunities for all students to engage in investigations. | S.Engagement; S.Inquiry | Covered | 33 | 2 | 9 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (33 questions, 2 materials, 9 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Focuses inquiry-based instruction on questions and issues relevant to students and uses strategies to assist students with generating, refining and focusing scientific questions and hypotheses. | S.Activities for Inquiry - Secondary | Covered | 17 | 1 | 12 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos). |
| C. Instructs students in the safe and proper use of a variety of grade-appropriate tools, equipment, resources, technology and techniques to access, gather, store, retrieve, organize and analyze data. | S.Safety Rules | Covered | 27 | 1 | 2 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (27 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Knows how to guide students in making systematic observations and measurements, including repeating investigations to increase reliability. | S.Activities for Inquiry - Secondary | Covered | 17 | 1 | 12 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos). |
| E. Knows how to promote the use of critical-thinking skills, logical reasoning and scientific problem solving to reach conclusions based on evidence. | S.Fostering Scientific Skills; S.Activities for Inquiry - Secondary | Covered | 37 | 2 | 18 | 1 | Covered by 2 topics (37 questions, 2 materials, 18 cards, 1 videos). |
| F. Knows how to teach students to develop, analyze and evaluate different explanations for a given scientific result. | S.Activities for Inquiry - Secondary | Covered | 17 | 1 | 12 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos). |
| G. Knows how to teach students to demonstrate an understanding of potential sources of error in inquiry-based investigation. | S.Activities for Inquiry - Secondary | Covered | 17 | 1 | 12 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos). |
| H. Knows how to teach students to demonstrate an understanding of how to communicate and defend the results of an inquiry-based investigation. | S.Activities for Inquiry - Secondary | Covered | 17 | 1 | 12 | 0 | Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos). |
The teacher knows the varied and appropriate assessments and assessment practices to monitor science learning in laboratory, field and classroom settings. (Domain 023)Partially covered
54 questions · 3 materials · 16 cards · 2 videosPartially covered
| Official competency | Matching 240 topics | Alignment | Qs | Mats | Cards | Vids | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Understands the relationships among science curriculum, assessment and instruction and bases instruction on information gathered through assessment of students’ strengths and needs. | S.Assessment and Instruction - Science | Covered | 42 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (42 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| B. Understands the importance of monitoring and assessing students’ understanding of science concepts and skills on an ongoing basis. | S.Assessment and Instruction - Science | Covered | 42 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (42 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| C. Understands the importance of carefully selecting or designing formative and summative assessments for the specific decisions they are intended to inform. | S.Fair Assessment | Covered | 5 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| D. Selects or designs and administers a variety of appropriate assessment methods (e.g., performance assessment, self-assessment, formal/informal, formative/summative) to monitor student understanding and progress. | S.Assessment and Instruction - Science | Covered | 42 | 1 | 6 | 1 | Covered by 1 topic (42 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos). |
| E. Uses formal and informal assessments of student performance and products (e.g., projects, lab journals, rubrics, portfolios, student profiles, checklists) to evaluate student participation in and understanding of the inquiry process. | S.Variety of Assessment | Partially covered | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 0 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
| F. Understands the importance of sharing evaluation criteria and assessment results with students. | S.Rubrics in Assessment | Partially covered | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | Partial coverage by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content. |
How 240 Creates The TExES Core Subjects 4-8: Science (809) Study Guide
Every 240 study guide starts with the official exam framework. From there, we organize lessons, practice, and study tools around the categories the exam uses to measure candidate knowledge.
Review the official exam framework
We begin with the standards, domains, competencies, objectives, or content categories published by the testing authority.
Map the tested categories
We map every major area the exam is designed to cover so the guide reflects the real structure of the test.
Build lessons around tested content
We create study materials to support the official blueprint, not broad filler content.
Cross-check practice against exam expectations
We review practice content against the framework and real exam patterns so preparation stays targeted.
Review and update as standards change
When official frameworks change, we review guides and update alignment as needed.
Reviewed by subject-matter experts and maintained to reflect current standards.
Why 240 Is Better Than Other Generic Study Guides
Not all study guides are built the same way. Here is what separates a test-aligned guide from a generic one — and why it matters when you are preparing for the TExES Core Subjects 4-8: Science.
Generic prep
- Covers broad subject areas without structure
- No clear connection to the official exam framework
- Practice questions may not reflect the real test format
- May not update when official standards change
- Can be helpful for quick, broad review
240 test-aligned TExES 809 prep
- Every lesson maps to an official domain or competency
- Built directly from the official exam framework
- Practice questions aligned to what the exam actually measures
- A clear study path by tested category
- Study smarter and enter test day more prepared
FAQs About the TExES Core Subjects 4-8: Science Study Guide
The questions teacher candidates ask us most often about the TExES Core Subjects 4-8: Science study guide.
Is 240 a good study guide for TExES Core Subjects 4-8: Science?
240 is a strong option because the guide is built around the official exam framework and shows detailed alignment by SMR and competency.
How closely does 240 align to the TExES 809 exam?
This guide is 94% aligned based on a competency-by-competency review of the official framework and the study resources included in the guide.
Does 240 cover every competency?
This page shows coverage transparently across covered, partially covered, and identified gaps so candidates can see exactly how the guide maps to the exam.
What does “partially covered” mean?
Partially covered means the guide addresses the core parts of a competency, but some depth or subtopics may still be limited.