240's OAE Middle Grades Social Studies Study Guide Is 96% Test-Aligned

240's OAE Middle Grades Social Studies study guide is built around the official exam framework so you can study what is actually tested. This page shows exactly how the guide maps to the real exam — SMR by SMR and competency by competency — so you can see where coverage is strongest, where some depth gaps remain, and how each part of the guide supports your prep.

Start Studying for OAE 031 See Full Alignment Details
96%
test-aligned
109
Fully covered
10
Partially covered
0
Coverage gap
Based on a competency-by-competency review of the official framework and the lessons, practice questions, flashcards, videos, and study materials included in this guide.
2145
Practice Questions
928
Flashcards
193
Study Materials
46
Videos

Why Test Alignment Matters for Your OAE Middle Grades Social Studies Study Guide

Certification test standards are broad, but the exam questions are very specific. Our team of curriculum experts uses the 240 Study Guide Creation Process to ensure the most aligned, specific content for your OAE Middle Grades Social Studies (031) test — so you are not wasting time on broad subject review that may not show up on exam day.

Why 240 Is the Best Choice for the OAE 031 Study Guide
  • ✓Built around the official exam framework
  • ✓Organized by the competencies actually used on the exam
  • ✓Shows exactly what is covered and where depth is partial
  • ✓Includes aligned questions, flashcards, study materials, and videos
  • ✓Helps candidates study what is actually tested instead of broad generic content
Transparent coverage is a strength. We show where the guide is strong, where depth is partial, and where a gap has been identified so you can make an informed study decision.

How to Read This Alignment Review

5 domains · 119 competencies reviewed · 96% test-aligned
Covered— competency is comprehensively supported by the guide
Partially covered— core content is covered, but some depth gaps remain
Coverage gap identified— a content gap has been identified
✓
This study guide is based on the current official exam framework
We review and update alignment whenever the official framework changes so candidates are always studying current, accurate material.
HISTORY (DOMAIN I) Partially covered
SMR I.0001 Understand historical concepts, terms, sources, perspectives, and research skills. (6%)
102 Qs7 Materials25 Cards3 VideosPartially covered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Demonstrate knowledge of basic historical terms and concepts such as nation-state, theocracy, dynastic cycle, chronology, and periodization. Themes - Cause and Effect in History; Historical Concepts and Vocabulary Covered 21 2 10 1 Covered by 2 topics (21 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 1 videos).
b. Apply knowledge of basic reference sources used in historical research, including almanacs, information technology, bibliographies, periodical guides, encyclopedias, and biographical dictionaries. Teaching - Research Skills; Sources for Data Covered 24 2 10 0 Covered by 2 topics (24 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos).
c. Distinguish between primary and secondary sources of historical information. Skill - Primary and Secondary Sources Covered 22 1 4 1 Covered by 1 topic (22 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos).
d. Evaluate the uses and limitations of various historical source materials, including oral histories, newspapers, diaries, artifacts, personal correspondence, archival materials, census data, videos, and materials accessed through information technologies. Sources for Data Partially covered 0 1 4 0 Partial coverage by 1 topic (0 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content.
e. Analyze cause-and-effect relationships between historical events and developments. Themes - Cause and Effect in History Covered 19 1 3 1 Covered by 1 topic (19 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos).
f. Recognize central theses, main ideas, and supporting evidence in various sources of historical information. Skill - Analyze Historical Text Covered 12 1 0 0 Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos).
g. Draw inferences and conclusions from historical texts and interpretations. Skill - Analyze Historical Text Covered 12 1 0 0 Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos).
h. Analyze the purpose and perspective of diverse sources of historical information, including potential bias and the assumptions on which historical arguments are based. Skill - Analyze Historical Text Covered 12 1 0 0 Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos).
i. Interpret graphic representations of historical issues and events found in charts, diagrams, maps, timelines, political cartoons, and graphs. Skill - Analysis of Graphics Covered 23 1 1 1 Covered by 1 topic (23 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 1 videos).
SMR I.0002 Understand major developments in world history from the beginnings of human society to 1350 CE. (7%)
215 Qs21 Materials95 Cards4 VideosCovered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Examine the Neolithic Revolution and the birth of human civilization, including the growth of agriculture, the domestication of animals, the organization of government, and the emergence of towns. Human Evolution Covered 10 1 5 0 Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos).
b. Demonstrate knowledge of major geographic, social, political, economic, and cultural characteristics of early civilizations in Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas to 500 BCE. Ancient Egypt; Mesopotamia; Kingdom of Kush; Ancient Persia Covered 36 4 17 1 Covered by 4 topics (36 questions, 4 materials, 17 cards, 1 videos).
c. Analyze major events, developments, characteristics, and contributions of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. Ancient Greece; Ancient Rome Covered 31 2 19 2 Covered by 2 topics (31 questions, 2 materials, 19 cards, 2 videos).
d. Examine the principal beliefs, sacred texts, and historical development of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Ancient Hebrews; Ancient India; Christianity in Early Europe Covered 25 3 21 0 Covered by 3 topics (25 questions, 3 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos).
e. Examine major geographic, social, political, economic, and cultural characteristics of major civilizations and empires of Asia, Africa, and the Americas between 500 BCE and 1350 CE. Ancient China; Ancient Japan Covered 21 2 13 1 Covered by 2 topics (21 questions, 2 materials, 13 cards, 1 videos).
f. Examine major geographic, social, political, economic, and cultural characteristics of the Islamic and Byzantine civilizations. Growth of Islam Covered 13 1 6 0 Covered by 1 topic (13 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos).
g. Demonstrate knowledge of the growth, principal features, and decline of medieval civilization in Europe. Decline of Western Roman Empire; Rise of Feudalism; Environment and Medieval Development Covered 27 3 11 0 Covered by 3 topics (27 questions, 3 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos).
h. Recognize the contributions of significant individuals and chronological relationships between major global events to 1350 CE. Patterns of Trade - Silk Road and Crusades; Great Schism; Crusades Covered 26 3 7 0 Covered by 3 topics (26 questions, 3 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos).
i. Analyze major social, economic, and cultural trends in Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas from 4000 BCE to 1350 CE. Trends in Early Civilizations; Middle Eastern Influence on World Culture and Technology Covered 26 2 7 0 Covered by 2 topics (26 questions, 2 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos).
SMR I.0003 Understand major developments in world history from 1350 to 1850. (7%)
194 Qs15 Materials92 Cards2 VideosCovered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Examine the origins, major developments, significant individuals, and lasting consequences of the European Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation. Scientific Revolution and the Renaissance; Reformation Covered 21 2 17 0 Covered by 2 topics (21 questions, 2 materials, 17 cards, 0 videos).
b. Analyze European expansion between 1450 and 1650, including the effects of colonization on Europeans and the indigenous societies they encountered. Native American Groups Pre-Colonization; European Exploration and Colonization V1 Covered 53 2 17 1 Covered by 2 topics (53 questions, 2 materials, 17 cards, 1 videos).
c. Examine the central ideas of major thinkers of the Scientific Revolution and the European Enlightenment and the influence of these ideas on events and developments in Europe and the Americas. Scientific Revolution and the Renaissance Covered 13 1 11 0 Covered by 1 topic (13 questions, 1 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos).
d. Analyze the similarities, differences, and consequences of the English, American, and French revolutions and the wars for independence in Latin America. French Revolution and Napoleon; The American Revolution V1 Covered 38 2 30 1 Covered by 2 topics (38 questions, 2 materials, 30 cards, 1 videos).
e. Evaluate economic, social, and political factors related to the emergence and spread of industrialization and the growth of urban centers in Europe. First Industrial Revolution Covered 23 1 8 0 Covered by 1 topic (23 questions, 1 materials, 8 cards, 0 videos).
f. Demonstrate knowledge of major literary, artistic, intellectual, and scientific developments of this period in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. African Influence on World Culture and Technology Covered 8 1 0 0 Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 0 cards, 0 videos).
g. Recognize the contributions of significant individuals and chronological relationships between major global events and developments of this period. Fall of Constantinople; The Ottoman Empire; Japan and Feudalism; French Imperialism Covered 27 4 16 0 Covered by 4 topics (27 questions, 4 materials, 16 cards, 0 videos).
h. Analyze major social, economic, and cultural trends in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas from 1350 to 1850. Printing Press; Black Death; Growth of Capitalism Covered 24 3 12 0 Covered by 3 topics (24 questions, 3 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos).
SMR I.0004 Understand major developments in world history from 1850 to the present. (2%)
149 Qs17 Materials80 Cards5 VideosCovered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Analyze the causes and consequences of European imperialism, including interactions between imperialist powers and the people of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. British Empire Covered 10 1 2 0 Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos).
b. Analyze the causes, major events, and consequences of World War I and the origins, major events, and consequences of World War II. World War I V1; Revolutions of the Early 20th Century; Rise of Communism and Fascism; World War II V1 Covered 49 4 29 2 Covered by 4 topics (49 questions, 4 materials, 29 cards, 2 videos).
c. Evaluate major developments and issues related to the process of decolonization in postwar Asia, Africa, and the Middle East and demonstrate knowledge of the causes, major developments, and consequences of the Cold War. The Cold War; The Cold War - Divided Germany; The Cold War - Collapse of Soviet Union; Decolonization in Africa and Asia; Korean War and Vietnam War Covered 38 5 24 2 Covered by 5 topics (38 questions, 5 materials, 24 cards, 2 videos).
d. Examine major global challenges of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, including environmental degradation, terrorism, limited natural resource supplies, and economic imbalances among the world's peoples. Afghanistan and Iraq; ISIS Covered 4 2 6 0 Covered by 2 topics (4 questions, 2 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos).
e. Recognize the contributions of significant individuals and chronological relationships between major global events and developments of this period. Japanese Imperialism; South Africa Covered 15 2 10 0 Covered by 2 topics (15 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos).
f. Analyze major social, economic, and cultural trends and demonstrate knowledge of major literary, artistic, intellectual, and scientific developments in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas from 1850 to the present. Economic History; Rise of Globalism; The European Union Covered 33 3 17 1 Covered by 3 topics (33 questions, 3 materials, 17 cards, 1 videos).
SMR I.0005 Understand major developments in early U.S. history from the precontact period to 1789. (7%)
188 Qs13 Materials112 Cards8 VideosPartially covered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Demonstrate knowledge of important social, economic, and political features of major Native American cultures at the time of their first contact with Europeans. Maya, Inca, Aztec Covered 12 1 6 0 Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos).
b. Examine major events and developments related to European exploration of North America. European Exploration and Colonization V1 Covered 35 1 13 1 Covered by 1 topic (35 questions, 1 materials, 13 cards, 1 videos).
c. Analyze coexistence and conflict between Europeans and Native Americans, including differences in beliefs, values, and attitudes. Culture of the Pre-Columbian Americas Partially covered 5 1 5 0 Partial coverage by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content.
d. Analyze economic, social, political, and cultural developments in Great Britain's North American colonies, including the growth of slavery and similarities and differences between the New England, mid-Atlantic, and southern colonies. Colonial Period; Other Settlements Covered 13 2 13 1 Covered by 2 topics (13 questions, 2 materials, 13 cards, 1 videos).
e. Examine the French and Indian War and the major causes, events, and consequences of the Revolutionary War. French and Indian War; The American Revolution V1 Covered 42 2 27 2 Covered by 2 topics (42 questions, 2 materials, 27 cards, 2 videos).
f. Analyze the growth of the trans-Appalachian West, including the settlement of the Ohio River valley and the Northwest Territory. Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny Covered 25 1 16 1 Covered by 1 topic (25 questions, 1 materials, 16 cards, 1 videos).
g. Analyze the evolution of national and state governments during and after the Revolution, including problems under the Articles of Confederation and major debates and compromises in the creation and ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Articles of Confederation; Origin of Political Parties; Constitution and the Bill of Rights Covered 38 3 23 2 Covered by 3 topics (38 questions, 3 materials, 23 cards, 2 videos).
h. Recognize the contributions of significant individuals and chronological relationships between major events and developments in U.S. history during this period. Key Names in Early Republic Covered 6 1 12 0 Covered by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos).
i. Analyze major social, economic, and cultural trends in the colonies and the new nation from the beginnings of settlement to 1789. Regionalism in the Early United States Covered 12 1 3 1 Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 1 videos).
SMR I.0006 Understand major developments in U.S. history from 1789 to 1877. (7%)
170 Qs15 Materials105 Cards2 VideosPartially covered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Examine major political and constitutional developments of the early national and Jacksonian eras. Early 1800s Partially covered 4 1 5 0 Partial coverage by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content.
b. Analyze events and developments related to westward expansion, including the impact of western settlement and growth on the Native American peoples. Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny; Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny - Oregon Trail Covered 25 2 17 1 Covered by 2 topics (25 questions, 2 materials, 17 cards, 1 videos).
c. Analyze the causes and consequences of economic growth, industrialization, immigration, and the development of a national market economy during the first half of the nineteenth century. Immigration 1830-1850 Covered 12 1 3 0 Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos).
d. Demonstrate knowledge of major events and developments in U.S. foreign relations during this period, including the War of 1812, the Monroe Doctrine, and the Mexican War. War of 1812 Covered 4 1 7 0 Covered by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos).
e. Analyze events and developments related to the spread of slavery and the evolution of a distinctive African American culture. Slavery Covered 11 1 8 0 Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 8 cards, 0 videos).
f. Assess the origins and objectives of major reform movements of the period and the activities and achievements of key reformers. Slavery Compromises; Abolitionist Movement and The Growing Sectional Divide; Abolitionist Movement - Underground Railroad Covered 40 3 24 1 Covered by 3 topics (40 questions, 3 materials, 24 cards, 1 videos).
g. Analyze the principal causes, significant events, and major developments of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Causes of Sectionalism; Civil War; Civil War - Major Milestones; Reconstruction Covered 57 4 39 0 Covered by 4 topics (57 questions, 4 materials, 39 cards, 0 videos).
h. Demonstrate knowledge of major developments in literature, the arts, popular culture, science, and technology in the United States from 1789 to 1877. Regionalism in the Western United States Partially covered 5 1 5 0 Partial coverage by 1 topic (5 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content.
i. Recognize the contributions of significant individuals and chronological relationships between major events and developments in U.S. history during this period. Gilded Age Covered 12 1 10 0 Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos).
SMR I.0007 Understand major developments in U.S. history from 1877 to 1929. (2%)
117 Qs10 Materials84 Cards1 VideosCovered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Examine the settlement of the western United States, the consequences of expanding settlement for Native Americans, the industrialization of the U.S. economy, and the impact of immigration and urbanization on U.S. society. Second Industrial Revolution; Immigration 1870-1920; Rise of Labor Covered 32 3 31 0 Covered by 3 topics (32 questions, 3 materials, 31 cards, 0 videos).
b. Demonstrate knowledge of the racial division of southern society after 1877; racial segregation and discrimination in the North; and the efforts of African Americans to resist segregation, disenfranchisement, and violence. Reconstruction Covered 21 1 14 0 Covered by 1 topic (21 questions, 1 materials, 14 cards, 0 videos).
c. Examine the economic, political, and social development of the United States during the Progressive Era and the 1920s, including the impact of Progressive reforms and the woman suffrage movement. Progressive Movement; Women's Rights Movement Covered 26 2 23 1 Covered by 2 topics (26 questions, 2 materials, 23 cards, 1 videos).
d. Analyze the rise of the United States as a world power, key issues in the debate over U.S. expansionism, and the causes and consequences of U.S. participation in World War I. American Imperialism Covered 19 1 6 0 Covered by 1 topic (19 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos).
e. Demonstrate knowledge of major developments in literature, the arts, popular culture, science, and technology in the United States from 1877 to 1929. Populism Covered 12 1 7 0 Covered by 1 topic (12 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos).
f. Recognize the contributions of significant individuals and chronological relationships between major events and developments in U.S. history during this period. Hawaii Acquisition; Panic of 1893 Covered 7 2 6 0 Covered by 2 topics (7 questions, 2 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos).
SMR I.0008 Understand major developments in U.S. history from 1929 to the present. (2%)
122 Qs18 Materials80 Cards3 VideosCovered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Analyze the causes of the Great Depression and the government response to economic collapse and social dislocation during the 1930s. Great Depression and the New Deal Covered 18 1 5 1 Covered by 1 topic (18 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 1 videos).
b. Examine major events and developments related to U.S. participation in World War II, including war mobilization and the impact of the war on the U.S. economy and society. World War II and America V1 Covered 10 1 4 1 Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos).
c. Analyze major social, economic, political, and constitutional developments in the United States since 1945, including the postwar economic boom, the movement of African American equality, and economic globalization. Early 20th Century Amendments; African American Civil Rights Movement in America; Desegregation of Schools; American Society 1945-1990; Modern Political Parties Covered 50 5 34 1 Covered by 5 topics (50 questions, 5 materials, 34 cards, 1 videos).
d. Analyze major events and developments in U.S. foreign policy from the beginnings of the Cold War to the Iraq War, and immigration to the United States and changes to U.S. immigration policy during this period. NATO; The Cold War - SDI; The Cold War - Kissinger; The Cold War - The Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Hispanic Civil Rights Movement; American Indian Civil Rights Movement Covered 37 7 16 0 Covered by 7 topics (37 questions, 7 materials, 16 cards, 0 videos).
e. Demonstrate knowledge of major developments in literature, the arts, popular culture, science, and technology in the United States from 1929 to the present. Feminist Movement; American Society 1945-1990 Covered 15 2 11 0 Covered by 2 topics (15 questions, 2 materials, 11 cards, 0 videos).
f. Recognize the contributions of significant individuals and chronological relationships between major events and developments in U.S. history during this period. Malcolm X; The Gulf War; 911 and Response Covered 6 3 20 0 Covered by 3 topics (6 questions, 3 materials, 20 cards, 0 videos).
GEOGRAPHY AND CULTURE (DOMAIN II) Partially covered
SMR II.0009 Understand geographic terms, concepts, sources, and research skills. (7%)
102 Qs7 Materials34 Cards3 VideosPartially covered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Demonstrate knowledge of the five fundamental geographic themes (i.e., location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and region). Themes of Geography Covered 8 1 7 1 Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos).
b. Apply the six essential elements of geography (i.e., the world in spatial terms, places and regions, physical systems, human systems, environment and society, and the uses of geography). Themes of Geography Covered 8 1 7 1 Covered by 1 topic (8 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos).
c. Apply basic geographic terms and concepts such as habitat, ecology, interdependence, assimilation, demographic cycle, and cultural diffusion. Acculturation and Assimilation Partially covered 7 1 2 0 Partial coverage by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content.
d. Recognize basic characteristics of maps and globes and the advantages and disadvantages of standard map projections. Types of Maps; Mapping Tools Covered 25 2 10 0 Covered by 2 topics (25 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 0 videos).
e. Demonstrate knowledge of the characteristics and uses of various geographic reference sources, tools, and technologies. Teaching - Integrating Digital Technology Covered 15 1 8 1 Covered by 1 topic (15 questions, 1 materials, 8 cards, 1 videos).
f. Interpret geographic information presented in various visual formats. Skill - Analysis of Graphics Covered 23 1 1 1 Covered by 1 topic (23 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 1 videos).
g. Apply skills and procedures used in geographic research, including formulating appropriate research questions, identifying main ideas, analyzing cause-and-effect relationships, and drawing conclusions. Teaching - Research Skills Covered 24 1 6 0 Covered by 1 topic (24 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos).
SMR II.0010 Understand physical features, physical systems, and the interaction between the environment and human societies. (7%)
176 Qs13 Materials81 Cards3 VideosCovered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Recognize major landmasses, significant landforms, and important bodies of water in the United States and in other parts of the world. Types of Physical Features - Elementary; The Earth's Significant Physical Features Covered 29 2 28 0 Covered by 2 topics (29 questions, 2 materials, 28 cards, 0 videos).
b. Recognize the principal elements of climate and major global and regional climatic patterns. Weather and Climate Covered 18 1 21 0 Covered by 1 topic (18 questions, 1 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos).
c. Demonstrate knowledge of the ways physical processes shape the physical features of the earth. Natural Forces Covered 17 1 5 0 Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 5 cards, 0 videos).
d. Recognize the location, distribution, and uses of natural resources in the United States and throughout the world, and the influence of natural resources on human populations. Resources - Advanced; Ecosystems Covered 16 2 4 1 Covered by 2 topics (16 questions, 2 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos).
e. Analyze ways human societies modify the physical environment and adapt to environmental change, including the role of technological innovation and development in the creation and solution of environmental problems. Human-Environment Interaction; Impacts of Human Innovations Covered 30 2 10 2 Covered by 2 topics (30 questions, 2 materials, 10 cards, 2 videos).
f. Analyze the effects of physical factors such as climate and topography on the development and characteristics of human societies. Factors Affecting Settlement Covered 19 1 2 0 Covered by 1 topic (19 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 0 videos).
g. Demonstrate knowledge of the causes and effects of current environmental problems such as global warming and tropical deforestation. S.Global Warming; S.Resource Extraction Covered 28 2 9 0 Covered by 2 topics (28 questions, 2 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos).
h. Examine how geographic factors have influenced historical events and developments. Causes of Human Migration; Natural Disasters Covered 19 2 6 0 Covered by 2 topics (19 questions, 2 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos).
SMR II.0011 Understand human systems. (7%)
81 Qs10 Materials54 Cards3 VideosCovered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Demonstrate knowledge of the linguistic, social, religious, economic, and political features of contemporary cultural groups in major world regions. Basic Concepts of Culture; Change and Continuity in Culture Covered 26 2 12 1 Covered by 2 topics (26 questions, 2 materials, 12 cards, 1 videos).
b. Analyze the diffusion of ideas, beliefs, and cultural traits from one culture to another. Basic Concepts of Culture Covered 17 1 7 1 Covered by 1 topic (17 questions, 1 materials, 7 cards, 1 videos).
c. Examine historical and contemporary patterns of human settlement, how human settlements have changed over time, and the influence of physical environments on human societies and cultures. Population Trends in 19th and 20th Century United States; Modern Population Trends Covered 12 2 16 0 Covered by 2 topics (12 questions, 2 materials, 16 cards, 0 videos).
d. Demonstrate knowledge of the distribution of the world's human population, the reasons for population growth and decline, the causes and consequences of human migrations, and contemporary trends in world population. Demography; Population Change (DTM) Covered 18 2 6 2 Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 6 cards, 2 videos).
e. Analyze how cooperation, conflict, and diversity shape cultural interactions, create political divisions, and influence control of the earth's resources. Impact of Race, Gender, Class on Society; Sociological Institutions and Structures; Sociological Institutions and Structures Across the World; Social Stratification Covered 25 4 20 0 Covered by 4 topics (25 questions, 4 materials, 20 cards, 0 videos).
GOVERNMENT (DOMAIN III) Partially covered
SMR III.0012 Understand political science concepts, terms, perspectives, and research skills. (6%)
148 Qs10 Materials74 Cards3 VideosPartially covered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Demonstrate knowledge of basic political science terms and concepts, such as gerrymandering, enumerated and implied powers, sovereignty, judicial review, balance of power, and social contract theory. Gerrymandering Partially covered 2 1 3 0 Partial coverage by 1 topic (2 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content.
b. Analyze the emergence and spread of democratic and representative government. Purpose and Applications of the Rule of Law; Purposes of Government; Origins of Democracy Covered 38 3 28 1 Covered by 3 topics (38 questions, 3 materials, 28 cards, 1 videos).
c. Recognize major characteristics of various forms of government (e.g., democracy, theocracy, dictatorship, monarchy, oligarchy), and similarities and differences between the political system of the United States and other contemporary and historical political systems. Modern Political Theories; Implications of Different Forms of Government; Communism, Socialism, and Capitalism Covered 48 3 27 1 Covered by 3 topics (48 questions, 3 materials, 27 cards, 1 videos).
d. Demonstrate knowledge of the characteristics and uses of various political science reference sources and research tools. Teaching - Research Skills Covered 24 1 6 0 Covered by 1 topic (24 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 0 videos).
e. Interpret historical and contemporary political science information represented in various visual and graphic formats. Skill - Analysis of Graphics Covered 23 1 1 1 Covered by 1 topic (23 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 1 videos).
f. Apply skills and procedures used in political science research, including formulating appropriate research questions, collecting and presenting information, and drawing conclusions. ELA.Cross-Curricular Applications - Reading Comprehension (Social Studies) Covered 13 1 15 0 Covered by 1 topic (13 questions, 1 materials, 15 cards, 0 videos).
SMR III.0013 Understand the foundations of U.S. government, the U.S. political process, and the rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizenship. (7%)
168 Qs10 Materials49 Cards3 VideosCovered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Analyze major principles and ideas contained in key documents of the United States, including the Declaration of Independence, the Federalist Papers, the Northwest Ordinance, the Seneca Falls Declaration of 1848, and the Gettysburg Address. Principles in Founding Documents Covered 19 1 2 1 Covered by 1 topic (19 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 1 videos).
b. Demonstrate knowledge of the fundamental principles, key articles, and significant amendments to the U.S. Constitution. U.S. Constitutional Amendments Covered 15 1 19 0 Covered by 1 topic (15 questions, 1 materials, 19 cards, 0 videos).
c. Analyze the significance of landmark U.S. Supreme Court decisions, including Marbury v. Madison, Brown v. Board of Education, and United States v. Nixon. Landmark Supreme Court Cases Covered 27 1 4 1 Covered by 1 topic (27 questions, 1 materials, 4 cards, 1 videos).
d. Examine the major features of the U.S. electoral system, the ways citizens participate in the political process, and the skills needed for effective participation in public affairs. U.S. Electoral Process; Components of the Democratic Process; Expectations and Benefits of Citizenship Covered 60 3 12 1 Covered by 3 topics (60 questions, 3 materials, 12 cards, 1 videos).
e. Demonstrate knowledge of the rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizenship. Fundamental Citizenship Rights; Rights, Responsibilities and Freedoms Covered 33 2 12 0 Covered by 2 topics (33 questions, 2 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos).
f. Analyze developments and events in U.S. history that have increased or diminished individual rights and popular participation in the political process. Modern Components of the Democratic Process; Bush v Gore Covered 14 2 12 0 Covered by 2 topics (14 questions, 2 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos).
SMR III.0014 Understand the structure, organization, and operation of different levels of government in the United States. (6%)
85 Qs6 Materials42 Cards1 VideosPartially covered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Demonstrate knowledge of the organization and responsibilities of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the federal government. Structure and Functions of Federal Government; Evolution of 3 Branches Covered 65 2 29 1 Covered by 2 topics (65 questions, 2 materials, 29 cards, 1 videos).
b. Analyze the ways in which the constitutional principles of separation of powers and checks and balances influence the operation of the federal government. Structure and Functions of Federal Government Covered 54 1 25 1 Covered by 1 topic (54 questions, 1 materials, 25 cards, 1 videos).
c. Examine how laws are enacted at the federal and state levels of government in the United States, including the role of lobbyists and special interest groups in the legislative process. Enacting Laws Partially covered 4 1 3 0 Partial coverage by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content.
d. Examine how U.S. foreign policy is made, the roles of the president and Congress in the foreign policy process, and factors influencing the formulation of U.S. foreign policy. International Relations Covered 7 1 9 0 Covered by 1 topic (7 questions, 1 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos).
e. Demonstrate knowledge of the structure and functions of state and local governments in the United States, and the ways in which federal, state, and local governments divide and share power and responsibility. Structure and Functions of State Governments; Structure and Functions of Local Governments Covered 9 2 1 0 Covered by 2 topics (9 questions, 2 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos).
ECONOMICS (DOMAIN IV) Partially covered
SMR IV.0015 Understand basic economic concepts, microeconomics, and consumer economics and personal finance. (8%).
188 Qs12 Materials59 Cards5 VideosPartially covered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Apply basic economic terms and concepts, such as scarcity, competition, the laws of supply and demand, opportunity cost, specialization, economic incentives, inflation, and recession. Basic Economic Concepts; Scarcity and Opportunity Cost; Supply and Demand Covered 84 3 19 3 Covered by 3 topics (84 questions, 3 materials, 19 cards, 3 videos).
b. Compare fundamental features of traditional, market, command, and mixed economic systems. Economic Systems Covered 16 1 6 1 Covered by 1 topic (16 questions, 1 materials, 6 cards, 1 videos).
c. Demonstrate knowledge of the factors of production (i.e., land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship) and how they are combined to produce goods and services. Economic Patterns Covered 18 1 2 1 Covered by 1 topic (18 questions, 1 materials, 2 cards, 1 videos).
d. Analyze the organization and operation of market economies, including the roles of entrepreneurs, competition, prices, and the laws of supply and demand. Markets; Market Supply and Demand; Elasticity; Division of Labor Covered 49 4 21 0 Covered by 4 topics (49 questions, 4 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos).
e. Demonstrate knowledge of basic forms of business organization and of factors affecting business operations and decisions. Types of Business Ownership Partially covered 4 1 3 0 Partial coverage by 1 topic (4 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content.
f. Apply basic principles of consumer economics to accessing information, evaluating advertising claims and marketing promotions, making purchases, and utilizing consumer protection laws. Consumer Decisions Partially covered 6 1 1 0 Partial coverage by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 1 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content.
g. Demonstrate knowledge of basic principles of personal finance, budgeting, credit, and savings and investment. M.Financial Literacy Covered 11 1 9 0 Covered by 1 topic (11 questions, 1 materials, 9 cards, 0 videos).
SMR IV.0016 Understand macroeconomics and international economics. (2%)
133 Qs16 Materials61 Cards2 VideosPartially covered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Demonstrate knowledge of the major components of the U.S. economic system, including banks, financial markets, corporations, and consumers. Key Economic Institutions; Free-Enterprise System Covered 11 2 12 0 Covered by 2 topics (11 questions, 2 materials, 12 cards, 0 videos).
b. Analyze the causes and effects of unemployment, inflation and deflation, and factors influencing the business cycle. Effects of Inflation; Consumer Price Index Covered 18 2 8 0 Covered by 2 topics (18 questions, 2 materials, 8 cards, 0 videos).
c. Recognize the functions of monetary policy and the role of the Federal Reserve System in regulating the nation's money supply and moderating inflation and recession. National Debt; Federal Reserve System; Federal Budget Covered 20 3 7 0 Covered by 3 topics (20 questions, 3 materials, 7 cards, 0 videos).
d. Demonstrate knowledge of how fiscal policy and government regulation influence economic activity. Government Regulation; Government Regulation Advanced; Taxes; Effect of Taxes; Types of Taxes; Fiscal and Monetary Policy Covered 51 6 19 2 Covered by 6 topics (51 questions, 6 materials, 19 cards, 2 videos).
e. Analyze the reaction of the federal government to economic crises in U.S. history. Economic History - Great Recession Partially covered 6 1 3 0 Partial coverage by 1 topic (6 questions, 1 materials, 3 cards, 0 videos); limited supporting content.
f. Demonstrate knowledge of basic principles of international economics and of factors influencing the operation of the international economic system. Interdependence of Nations; Economic Development Covered 27 2 15 0 Covered by 2 topics (27 questions, 2 materials, 15 cards, 0 videos).
OHIO IN THE UNITED STATES (DOMAIN V) Covered
SMR V.0017 Understand major historical developments, geographic and cultural features, and political and economic institutions and developments in Ohio as it relates to the United States. (10%)
10 Qs1 Materials21 Cards0 VideosCovered
Official CompetencyMatching 240 TopicsAlignmentQsMatsCardsVidsNotes
a. Recognize the role of American Indians in the development of Ohio and demonstrate knowledge of major developments in Ohio history from the prehistoric period to statehood (e.g., colonial wars, early settlements and life in Ohio, French and Indian War, American Revolution, Northwest Ordinance and the movement for statehood). Key Ohio History Covered 10 1 21 0 Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos).
b. Demonstrate knowledge of major developments in Ohio history from 1803 to 1920 (e.g., War of 1812, Underground Railroad, political and social reform movements, Constitutional changes of 1851 and 1912, American Civil War, urbanization, industrialization). Key Ohio History Covered 10 1 21 0 Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos).
c. Demonstrate knowledge of major developments in Ohio history from 1920 to the present (e.g., social and cultural conflict during the 1920s, Great Depression and New Deal, Ohio in World War II, civil rights movement in Ohio, Kent State shootings, student activism, women's activism, major challenges of the late twentieth century). Key Ohio History Covered 10 1 21 0 Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos).
d. Locate major geographic features of Ohio on a map; recognize characteristics of Ohio's physical geography; examine the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the environment in Ohio; and analyze the influence of geographic factors on the state's political, social, and economic development. Key Ohio History Covered 10 1 21 0 Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos).
e. Recognize the experiences and major contributions of cultural and ethnic groups in Ohio, examine the causes and effects of historical and contemporary immigration and settlement patterns, and analyze interactions among the state's diverse ethnic groups. Key Ohio History Covered 10 1 21 0 Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos).
f. Recognize major principles and ideas contained in the Ohio Constitution; demonstrate knowledge of the structure, organization, and operation of state and local government in Ohio; analyze the role of political parties, interest groups, and direct democracy in the state's political process; and examine Ohio's role as a swing state and home state of presidents throughout much of the political history of the United States. Key Ohio History Covered 10 1 21 0 Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos).
g. Examine major economic developments in Ohio history (e.g., early Ohio's economy; post–Civil War industrialization; post–World War II economic boom; economic stagnation, decline, and revival after 1970); recognize major technological innovations, labor unions, and business enterprises that originated in Ohio; and demonstrate knowledge of ways in which Ohio influenced economic development in the United States. Key Ohio History Covered 10 1 21 0 Covered by 1 topic (10 questions, 1 materials, 21 cards, 0 videos).

How 240 Creates The OAE Middle Grades Social Studies (031) Study Guide

Learn more →

Every 240 study guide starts with the official exam framework. From there, we organize lessons, practice, and study tools around the categories the exam uses to measure candidate knowledge.

1
Review the official exam framework
We begin with the standards, domains, competencies, objectives, or content categories published by the testing authority.
2
Map the tested categories
We map every major area the exam is designed to cover so the guide reflects the real structure of the test.
3
Build lessons around tested content
We create study materials to support the official blueprint, not broad filler content.
4
Cross-check practice against exam expectations
We review practice content against the framework and real exam patterns so preparation stays targeted.
5
Review and update as standards change
When official frameworks change, we review guides and update alignment as needed.

Reviewed by subject-matter experts and maintained to reflect current standards.

Built By Teachers for Teachers

You're not on this journey alone. Our 240 teachers have firsthand experience with these exams. Real teachers with real experience are behind the scenes to help guide you into the classroom where YOU belong.

Samantha

Former NJ & Texas Teacher

Curriculum Specialist for 240

Tess

Former Illinois Teacher

Curriculum Coordinator for 240

Jalana

Former Texas Teacher

Special Education Curriculum Coordinator for 240

Dakota

Former Texas Teacher

Curriculum Specialist for 240

Abigail

Former Arizona & Illinois Teacher

Curriculum Coordinator for 240

Katy

Former Texas Teacher

Curriculum Writer for 240

Blair

Former Texas Teacher

Curriculum Writer for 240

Emily

Former Maine Teacher

Curriculum Writer for 240

Brooke

Former Idaho teacher

Curriculum Writer for 240

Hannah

Former Minnesota Teacher

Curriculum Writer for 240

Why 240 Is Better Than Other Generic Study Guides

Not all study guides are built the same way. Here is what separates a test-aligned guide from a generic one — and why it matters when you are preparing for the OAE Middle Grades Social Studies.

Generic
Generic Prep
✕Covers broad subject areas without structure
✕No clear connection to the official exam framework
✕Practice questions may not reflect the real test format
✕May not update when official standards change
~Can be helpful for quick, broad review
Test-aligned
240 Test-Aligned OAE 031 Prep
✓Every lesson maps to an official domain or competency
✓Built directly from the official exam framework
✓Practice questions aligned to what the exam actually measures
✓A clear study path by tested category
✓Study smarter and enter test day more prepared

FAQs About the OAE Middle Grades Social Studies Study Guide

The questions teacher candidates ask us most often about the OAE Middle Grades Social Studies study guide.

1
Is 240 a good study guide for OAE Middle Grades Social Studies?
240 is a strong option because the guide is built around the official exam framework and shows detailed alignment by SMR and competency.
2
How closely does 240 align to the OAE 031 exam?
This guide is 96% aligned based on a competency-by-competency review of the official framework and the study resources included in the guide.
3
Does 240 cover every competency?
This page shows coverage transparently across covered, partially covered, and identified gaps so candidates can see exactly how the guide maps to the exam.
4
What does “partially covered” mean?
Partially covered means the guide addresses the core parts of a competency, but some depth or subtopics may still be limited.

Study What's Actually on the OAE 031 Exam

Start with a study guide built around the real exam. 240's guide maps lessons and study tools to official competencies so you can prepare more efficiently and more confidently.

Study for OAE 031 Take a Free Practice Test